食药物质类中药材发展面临的问题与分化发展思路分析

Problems and strategy of further development of Chinese medicinal materials with edible values

“食药同源”是根植于我国中医药传统文化的宝贵养生保健理念,并随着经济社会发展,逐渐在国家大健康产业发展中发挥重要指引作用,更与当前世界范围内食品、药品互相渗透的大趋势相吻合。食药物质类中药材作为这一产业方向的物质基础,近年来生产规模快速扩大,特别在当前药用领域药材数量需求逐渐趋于饱和,转向于对药材质量提升的背景下,食用领域成为此类中药材新增产能的主要市场方向,并展现出广阔的发展前景。但同时需要注意的是,由于食、药不同应用方向上在药材原料质量标准、生产加工工艺、服用方式等方面存在着诸多差异,导致了当前市场中存在以食用为目生产的药材不能满足药用方向的质量要求,而药用品又不能很好适应食用方向在口味、口感等方面的需求,进而在市场流通监管等方面造成了诸多困难。因此,该文在对食药物质品种的形成,食药物质与普通食品、保健食品等概念间的关系,食药物质类中药材在食、药不同方向的质量需求差异及其生产中品质形成因素等分析的基础上,提出应着手布局实现从生产到监管各环节的食药物质类中药材在食、药不同方向分化发展的建议:①在品种审定登记中应根据药用为目的的中药材更关注活性成分含量,食用为目的的中药材则需优先满足食用适口性的差异化需求,提前明确选育方向;②在药材栽培模式及种植加工技术选择中体现差异化,以药用为目的的中药材应开展模拟道地药材原生境的"拟境栽培"以保障药材质量,同时严格投入品管理,保障药材栽培年限和适宜采收时间,而食用为目的的药材可根据其鲜食或加工需求选择相适应栽培技术;③对药食同源类中药材的市场监管应以其销售使用的目的为导向,准确认知此类药材的属性判定与药典收载的关系;④宣传推广中,作为普通食品和保健食品用药材应特别注意其产品在功效、疗效等方面宣传须符合法规要求。

"Medicine and food homology" is a precious health care concept rooted in the culture of Chinese medicine and plays an important role in the development of the national health industry. It is consistent with the current global trend that food and medicine are mutually penetrating. Accordingly, the Chinese medicinal materials with edible values have an increasing production scale. Especially, in the context that the development of Chinese medicinal materials is switching from pursuing quantity to quality, the food field has become the main market for the new production capacity of Chinese medicinal materials, which has presented a broad prospect. However, the quality standards of raw materials, production methods, and administration ways vary between the materials for edible and medicinal purposes. Specifically, the food for medicinal use on the market cannot meet the quality standards of medicinal mate-rials, while the medicinal materials fail to meet the taste requirements as food. As a result, these problems cause difficulties in market circulation and supervision. In this paper, we analyzed the formation of Chinese medicinal materials with edible values, compared the food with medicinal value, common food, and functional food, and analyzed the different quality requirements of Chinese medicinal materials used in different scenarios. Further, we advised the differential development of Chinese medicinal materials in different directions(edible or medicinal use) from production to supervision. Including:①In the variety registration of Chinese medicinal materials with edible values, the variety breeding direction should be announced according to the requirements that medicinal materials care more about the content of active ingredients and food use materials preferentially need to meet the requirements of edible palatability.② Differentiation can be reflected in the selection of cultivation mode and planting and processing technology of medicinal materials, The differential production technical specification of medicinal materials with edible values should be developed. Such as the "simulated cultivation" mode is encouraged in the plant of medicinal materials to ensure its quality and the strict management of inputs and sufficient cultivation years should be guaranteed. While for edible medicinal materials, more kinds of cultivation techniques can be selected according to their processing methods.③ The market supervision of medicinal materials with edible values should be guided by the purpose of their sales and use, which depends on the accurately recognize of the relationship between the properties of medicinal materials with edible values and the situation of pharmacopeia collection.④ During publicity, when used as ordinary food and health food medi-cinal materials, it should be noticed that the publicity of the product′s efficacy must meet the requirements of corresponding regulations.