川西北壤塘觉囊文化区民族植物学研究

Ethnobotanical study of Juenang cultural area in Rangtang county of northwestern Sichuan

该文采用民族植物学的思路和方法,收集整理阿坝州壤塘县觉囊文化区域乡土植物利用的传统知识概况并对其文化特征开展调查和研究,分析了传统文化背景下乡土植物的利用情况及民族文化特点。结果表明,壤塘觉囊文化区常用乡土植物有27科38种(含菌类6科6种):食用乡土植物12科13种,食用部位为嫩枝叶,兼食花、果实、根、茎乃至全株;药用或药食两用乡土植物13科16种,泡酒、泡水居多,兼有熬汤食疗,保健预防为主;装饰用乡土植物4科4种;建筑用材或薪柴乡土植物4科4种;宗教民俗1科1种。觉囊文化及藏民族文化影响下,当地形成对自然的本能敬畏与感恩、对生态环境及生物多样性的保护、对生物资源的节制使用和可持续利用等传统知识,对高寒藏区生物多样性保护和种植药材生态生产极具参考价值,也为青藏高原生态脆弱区生物多样性保育和生态恢复重建提供实际指导。

Indigenous knowledge and traditional culture for sustainable use of native plants in Juenang cultural region of Rangtang county,Aba Zang and Qiang Prefecture of Sichuan province,have been characterized in this paper followed the principles and methods of ethnobotany.The results indicate that 38 species from 27 families(including 6 species of fungi)are ethnobotanically used commonly in this area.Of 38 species of the native plants,13 species from 12 families are collected for eatables and vegetables,12 families and 16 species of indigenous plants for medicinal and edible use,4 species from 4 families for decoration,4 species from 4 families used for building materials or firewood,and 1 species from 1 families used for religious folklore.Under the influence of Juenang culture and Tibetan culture,indigenous knowledge such as instinctive reverence and gratitude for nature,protection ecological environment and habitats,and moderate use of natural resources(especially wild bioresource),have been gotten passed on from generation to generation in Juenang culture region of Rangtang county,which is of great significance to the protection of local bioresources and environment,including ethnic medicinal plants,and also to provide practical guidance for biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration in those alpine ecological vulnerable areas.