天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇对中枢神经系统作用机制研究进展

Research progress on mechanism of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol on central nervous system

天麻素(gastrodin,GAS)、对羟基苯甲醇(p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol,HBA)是天麻干燥块茎的提取物,是其发挥药效的物质基础,属酚类化合物。现代药理显示二者在失眠、惊厥、抑郁、缺血性脑卒中、焦虑、认知障碍等中枢神经系统疾病方面有显著疗效,并且发现该类疾病与神经递质、细胞因子等密切相关。该文阐述了GAS,HBA 2种单体成分对中枢神经系统影响的多种作用机制,主要通过调节乙酰胆碱、谷氨酸(Glu)、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、多巴胺(DA)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、5-吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)、高香草酸(HVA)、二羟苯乙酸(DOPAC)等多种神经递质,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α等多种促炎性细胞生长因子,以及相关受体功能来减轻海马神经元毒性,并有效提高脑内神经营养因子(BDNF,GDNF)mRNA的表达,进一步抑制受损神经元的凋亡从而发挥神经药理作用。旨在为GAS,HBA神经药理活性分子机制的深入研究及新药、保健食品开发提供科学依据。

Gastrodin(GAS)and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol(HBA)are extracts of dried tubers of Gastrodia elata,which is the material basis for its efficacy and belongs to phenolic compounds.Modern pharmacology studies have shown that they have significant effects on central nervous system diseases,such as insomnia,convulsions,depression,ischemic stroke,anxiety,and cognitive impairment,and these diseases are closely related to neurotransmitters and cytokines.This paper described various mechanisms of GAS and HBA monomer components on the central nervous system.They alleviate hippocampal neuronal toxicity mainly by regulating a variety of neurotransmitters,such as acetylcholine,glutamic acid(GLU),γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA),serotonin(5-HT),dopamine(DA),norepinephrine(NE),5-indoleacetic acid(5-HIAA),high vanillic acid(HVA)and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid(DOPAC),pro-inflammatory cell growth factors,such as IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-αand relevant receptor functions,and exert neuropharmacological effects by effectively increasing mRNA expressions of brain neurotrophic factors,such as BDNF and GDNF,and further inhibiting the apoptosis of damaged neurons.This paper summarized various mechanisms on the central nervous system,which provides a scientific basis for the further research of the neuropharmacological mechanism of GAS and HBA and the development of new drugs and functional food.