基于神经递质途径抗焦虑中药及其复方研究进展

Research progress of effect of anxiolytic traditional Chinese medicines and formulas on neurotransmitters

焦虑症是一种严重危害人类身心健康的常见精神疾病,焦虑症的发生发展与单胺类、氨基酸类、肽类等神经递质及其系统失衡密切相关。现有的抗焦虑化学药物长期服用存在着便秘、肌松、嗜睡、耐受和戒断症状等局限性。然而,祖国医学宝库中的中药及其复方具有多成分、多靶点协同,不良反应相对较少等综合作用特点。因此,从中药中挖掘新的抗焦虑药物具有良好前景。该文就通过影响5-羟色胺(5-HT)、多巴胺(DA)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)等单胺类神经递质途径的人参、黑果枸杞、桑葚,柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤、柴龙解郁丹、脑功肽等;影响γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、谷氨酸(Glu)等氨基酸类神经递质途径的熟地黄、酸枣仁、蛇床子,解虑安神汤、百香丹、复方抗焦虑胶囊等以及影响神经肽Y(NPY)途径的野生人参,舒郁宁心汤、逍遥散等具有改善焦虑症状的中药及其复方加以综述,旨在为从中药及其复方中进一步开发出新的有效的抗焦虑药物提供部分理论依据。

Anxiety disorders are a common mental illness that seriously endangered physical and mental health of human beings.The etiology of anxiety disorders is closely related to the abnormality of monoamines neurotransmitters,amino acids neurotransmitters and neuropeptides.The long-term use of anti-anxiety chemical drugs has some adverse effects,such as constipation,muscle relaxation,lethargy,tolerance and withdrawal symptoms.However,traditional Chinese medicines have advantages of multi-component,multi-target coordination,with less adverse reactions.Therefore,it is a promising prospect to develop novel anti-anxiety drugs from traditional Chinese medicines and formulas.This article reviewed some traditional Chinese medicines and formulas that can relieve anxiety symptoms.These include traditional Chinese medicines(Panax ginseng,Lycium ruthenium,Morus alba,Bupleurum plus dragon bone oyster soup,Chailong Jieyu Pills,and Naogongtai Formulas)with the effect on monoamine neurotransmitters,such as serotonin,dopamine,and norepinephrine;traditional Chinese medicines(Rehmannia glutinosa,Ziziphus jujuba Mill.var.spinosa,Jielv Anshen Decoction,Baixiangdan Capsules,Antianxietic Compound Prescription Capsules)with the effect on amino acid neurotransmitters,such as glutamic acid,γ-aminobutyrc acid;and traditional Chinese medicines(P.ginseng,Xiaoyao San,Shuyu Ningxin Decoction)with the effect on neuropeptide Y pathway,with the aim to provide theoretical basis for the further development of some novel and more effective anti-anxiety therapeutics from traditional Chinese medicine and formulas.