经典名方中芍药类药材的本草考证

Textual research on Chinese herbaceous peony in Chinese classical prescriptions

该文通过本草考证结合实地考察,对经典名方中所用芍药类药材的名称、基原、产地、采收加工变迁进行了考证。芍药在南北朝之前不作区分,南北朝时期陶弘景始提出芍药有白芍、赤芍2种,但未明确界定;宋元以来提出以花色、根色进行区分芍药的方法;明代提出以采收加工方式来划分赤芍、白芍的方法并为后世所延续;近代以来确定了以不同的生长模式及加工方式对赤芍、白芍进行划分的方法。白芍逐步形成杭、川、亳三大栽培道地产区,而赤芍近代以来推崇内蒙古多伦等地所产的野生药材。考证认为宋代推崇白芍,宋人重校前代文献时将"芍药"统一改为"白芍"并沿用至后代,故宋代之前经典名方中芍药的基原当通过处方功能主治与方义衍变相结合进行确定;宋代之后处方中"赤芍""白芍"的基原与今基本一致,应遵循古方记载;对于宋代之后仍记载为"芍药"的处方,可通过功能主治与方义衍变确定其药材基原。

In this paper,the name,origin,producing area,harvesting and processing changes of Paeonia lactiflora used in classical prescriptions were studied by textual research of herbal medicine and field investigation.Chinese herbaceous peony wasn’t distinguished before the Northern and Southern Dynasties;Tao Hongjing proposed that there were two kinds of P.lactiflora in the Northern and Southern Dynasties,but they were not clearly defined;since the Song and Yuan Dynasties,the method of distinguishing P.lactiflora by flower color and root color was proposed.In the Ming Dynasty,people put forward the criteria similar to modern ones,that is,to divide red peony and white peony by means of harvesting and processing,and to continue for future generations.Since modern times,different growth patterns and processing methods have been used to classify red peony and white peony.Paeoniae Radix Alba has gradually formed three major cultivation genuine producing areas:Hangzhou,Sichuan and Bozhou,while Paeoniae Radix Rubra in modern times has praised the wild medicinal materials produced in Inner Mongolia,Toronto and other places.According to textual research,Paeoniae Radix Alba was highly praised in Song Dynasty.When people in Song Dynasty revised the previous literature,they changed"Shaoyao"into"Baishao"and continued to use Paeoniae Radix Alba for future generations.Therefore,the origin of P.lactiflora in classical prescriptions before the Song Dynasty should be determined by the combination of prescription function and prescription meaning evolution;After the Song Dynasty,the origins of"Red Paeonia Root"and"White Paeonia Root"in prescriptions are basically the same as those in today’s prescriptions,which should be recorded in ancient prescriptions.For the medicinal flavor of"Paeonia Root"recorded in prescriptions after the Song Dynasty,the origins can be determined by functional domination and the evolution of prescriptions.