从市场主导论到国家主导论:国家与国企关系调适

From Market-Dominant Theories to State-Dominant Theories:Reforming the Relations of State and State Sector in China

市场化转型后,中国国家与国企关系发生了许多变化。本文将理解市场转型后国家与国企关系调适的理论分为两大类:市场主导论和国家主导论。市场主导论主张用市场改造国企。国家主导论则认为不应把国家与国企关系的调整看作市场主导的过程,而是国家通过市场化改革等方式回应国企市场化问题的过程。本文认为市场主导论没有很好地回应伴随国企市场化而来的政治挑战、腐败问题和代理人问题,而国家主导论则过分强调国家能力,忽视了国家的回应也面临着权力结构中其他主体带来的挑战。进一步的研究,更需要在国企改革中协调相关主体与国家目标的一致性。本文的梳理有助于推动中国特色的政治经济体制研究。

Many changes have occurred in the relationship between the state and SOEs in China after the market transformation.This paper divides the theories for understanding the accommodation of the state-SOEs relationship after the market transformation into two main categories:market-dominant theories and state-dominant theories.The market-dominant theory advocates taking the market as the driven force of the transformation of SOEs.The state-dominant theory,on the other hand,argues that the adjustment of the relationship between the state and SOEs should not be deemed as a market-driven process,but rather as a process in which the state responds to the problems posed by the marketization of SOEs through market-oriented reforms and in various ways.This paper argues that the market-dominant theory does not respond well to the political challenges,corruption and agency problems brought along with the marketization of SOEs,while the state-dominant theory overemphasizes state capacity and neglects the fact that the state's response also faces challenges posed by other actors in the power structure.For advance researches,there is a greater need to harmonize the relevant subjects in SOE reform with the state's goals.The compilation of this paper helps to promote the study of political and economic systems with Chinese characteristics.