领导小组功能悖论研究述评——基于“结构”与“过程”视角

A Literature Review on the Functional Paradox of Leading Small Groups--Based on the Perspective of“Structure”and“Process”

既有研究关于领导小组功能的看法并未形成共识,存在“功能悖论”问题。本文梳理了领导小组功能研究文献脉络,发现领导小组功能存在多面性(正功能与负功能)、层级分化和类型差异的特征,并将既有研究归纳为结构视角和过程视角两条路径。结构视角研究分析了科层制结构与领导小组相互塑造的复杂关系对领导小组功能发挥产生的双重影响;过程视角研究关注领导小组的运作过程和组织行为,发现权威获取和权威转换结果的不确定性导致功能发挥的不稳定和多面性。在反思既有研究不足的基础上,本文提出要聚焦领导小组运作过程,解释不同领导小组的运作逻辑异同及影响功能发挥的内在机制;采取案例研究或案例比较研究方法,分析领导小组功能的层级差异和类型差异;构建整体性理论框架和有力的分析概念,并沿着“结构—过程—事件”路径开展研究。

The existing studies have not reached a consensus on the function of the leading small group(LSG),and there is a“functional paradox”.This paper combs the literature context,finds that the functions of LSGs are multifaceted(positive and negative functions),hierarchical differentiation and type differences,and summarizes the existing research into two paths:structural perspective and process perspective.The structure perspective research analyzes the dual influence of the complex relationship between the bureaucratic structure and the LSGs on the function of the LSGs.The process perspective research focuses on the operation process and organizational behavior of the LSGs,and finds that the uncertainty of the results of authority acquisition and authority transformation leads to the instability and versatility of the function of the LSGs.On the basis of rethinking the existing research deficiencies,the research proposes to focus on the operation process,explain the similarities and differences of the operation logic of the LSGs and the internal mechanism that affects the function of the LSGs;adopt case study or comparative case study methods to analyze the level differences and type differences of the functions of the LSGs;build a holistic theoretical framework and powerful analytical concepts,and carry out research along the“structure-process-event”path.