内涵模式与先行经验:尊严死决定程序的规范化研究

Connotation,Modes and Prior Experiences:Standardization of the Decision Procedure of Death with Dignity

尊严死能够提升患者临终期的生命质量,维护人们善终的权利,还能减少过度医疗引起的资源浪费,已得到了全球性共识。但尊严死的决定程序若缺乏规范化管理,不仅无法实现尊严死的社会价值,还会引发严重的社会问题。我国自2017年起也开启了安宁护疗的试点工作,但目前尚未对尊严死的决定程序进行全国统一的规范化管理,对尊严死的伦理风险管控仍显不足。鉴于此,本文从学理上梳理了尊严死决定的核心原则与常用模式,并深入分析了中国台湾、韩国和日本三地尊严死决定的实践经验,以比较的视角为规范我国尊严死的决定程序提出了具体的制度设计方案。

Death with dignity can improve the quality of life of patients in their terminal stage,protect people’s right to hospice,and reduce the waste of resource due to excessive medical treatment.Therefore,it has received global recognition.However,its decision procedure,if without standardized management,will fail to achieve the social value of death with dignity,and cause serious social problems.Along with the aging process in China,pilot projects of palliative care have been implemented since 2017;however,unified and standardized management of the decision procedure of death with dignity is yet to establish in China at the moment,and control of the ethical risk of death with dignity rather insufficient.For this reason,this article concluded core principles and the common pattern for determining death with dignity from an academic point of view,and analyzed the experience of Taiwan China,Korea and Japan in deciding death with dignity.From the comparative perspective,a specific design proposal for standardization of the decision procedure of death with dignity in our country was made.