强制、混合还是自愿:政策工具视角下中央部委新冠疫情防控政策分析及启示

Compulsory,Mixed or Voluntary:COVID-19 Prevention and Control Policy Analysis and Enlightenment of the Central Ministry of China from the Perspective of Policy Tools

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情(COVID-19)的暴发严重威胁到全球公众的安全。疫情防控政策工具作为实现疫情防控政策目标的手段,对中国在短时间内取得疫情防控的阶段性胜利起到了至关重要的作用。本文基于政策工具视角,采用政策文本计量和内容分析法,对中国中央部委发布的146份新冠疫情防控政策文本进行编码和定量研究,从而揭示了疫情防控政策工具的使用状况及适用对象。结果表明,在中央部委发布的新冠疫情防控政策中,以强制型政策工具为主导,其次是混合型政策工具使用较多,而自愿型政策工具使用比例非常小;此外,面向不同适用对象的政策工具的具体使用数量存在较大差异,其中面向政府相关部门的政策条文数量最多,企业次之,而面向公众、学校、医院、非营利组织和社区的政策条文数量相对较少。基于此,本研究建议,要充分发挥强制型政策工具在疫情防控中的主导作用,同时兼顾混合型和自愿型政策工具的协同使用,并且根据不同适用对象的特点,差异化地使用疫情防控的政策工具。

The outbreak of COVID-19 seriously threatens the safety of the global public.As a means to achieve the goal of COVID-19 prevention and control policy,the epidemic prevention and control policy tools play a vital role in China’s periodic victory in epidemic prevention and control in a short period of time.Based on the perspective of policy tools,this paper uses policy text measurement and content analysis to encode and quantify 146 COVID-19 prevention and control policy texts issued by the central ministry of China,thus revealing the usage and applicable objects of epidemic prevention and control policy tools.The results show that in the COVID-19 prevention and control policies issued by the central ministries,the mandatory policy tools are dominant,followed by the use of mixed policy tools,and the use of voluntary policy tools is very small.In addition,there are large differences in the number of specific use of policy tools for different applicable objects.With the largest number of policy provisions for relevant government departments,followed by enterprises,while the number of policy provisions for the public,schools,hospitals,non-profit organizations and communities is relatively small.Therefore,this study suggests that we should give full play to the leading role of compulsory policy tools in epidemic prevention and control,while taking into account the synergistic use of mixed and voluntary policy tools,and use the policy tools of epidemic prevention and control differently according to the characteristics of different applicable objects.