新冠疫情防控政策工具的选择与比较:从自愿型到强制型

The Comparison and Choice of Intervention Policy Tools on the Novel Coronavirus Epidemic:From Voluntary to Mandatory

对新冠疫情防控政策工具的解释性研究可以为公共政策制定与实施提供一个独特的工具主义视角,以帮助政治家反思和评估政策干预的决策和实施难题。对于新冠疫情的防控而言,如何选择最佳的疫情干预时点以及最优的政策干预的工具组合是至关重要的,这也正是当前困扰着世界各国的迫在眉睫的决策难题。显然,政策决策者一方面试图以最快的速度以及最有效率的工具或方式来控制新冠疫情的传播与扩散,而另一方面,又非常期盼疫情防控政策工具的选择和实施对经济社会造成的冲击或损失降到最低限度。本文讨论了中国疫情防控的经验及其对疫情正在扩散中的其他国家的启示,并比较了不同类型的防控政策工具的作用机制以及潜在效果的差异和评价。

Explanatory research on policy tools for COVID-19 prevention and control can provide a unique instrumental perspective for the formulation and implementation of public policies,helping politicians reflect on and evaluate problems of the decision-making and implementation of policy intervention.For COVID-19 prevention and control,choosing the best time for intervention and the best combination of tools for policy intervention is very crucial,and this is also an urgent decision-making problem that currently plagues countries around the world.Obviously,on one hand,policy makers are trying to control the spread of COVID-19 as soon as possible with the most efficient tools or methods.On the other hand,they are very eager to minimize the impact or loss caused by the choice and implementation of policy tools for epidemic prevention and control of economy and society.This article discusses the experience of epidemic prevention and control in China and its enlightenment to other countries where COVID-19 is spreading,and compares the differences and evaluations of the mechanisms and potential effects of different types of policy tools for epidemic prevention and control.