极地碎冰航道内的近水面潜艇冰载荷特性研究

Research on Ice Load on Submarine near to Water Surface in Brash Ice Channel

极地海冰可以为潜艇提供良好庇护,为执行紧急作战任务或处理突发险情,潜艇需要突破层冰覆盖紧急上浮。当层冰厚度较大时,潜艇可借由破冰船开辟的碎冰航道实现上浮作业,但航道内漂流的碎冰可能对上浮后的潜艇构成威胁。论文参考HSVA冰槽试验以及北极海冰统计特征建立了碎冰数值模型,基于CFD-DEM耦合方法,采用STAR-CCM+软件,对碎冰航道内上浮潜艇所承受的冰载荷特性进行了研究,数值模拟结果表明:(1)潜艇在碎冰航道中所承受的冰载荷主要包括碎冰对水面处艇身前端区域的碰撞和侧面区域的摩擦,而碰撞的间断性和摩擦的连续性使得潜艇所受碎冰载荷的变化是一个重复“加载-卸载”的过程;(2)在碎冰航道中水流作用下产生的潜艇兴波使得碰撞区域前的碎冰逐渐远离潜艇,从而使得在模拟后期这部分碎冰产生的碰撞载荷渐渐减小直至消失;(3)出水面高度对潜艇所承受的冰载荷影响较大,在出水面高度λ=0~3H/2范围内(H为潜艇围壳高度),潜艇所受冰载荷与潜艇的出水面高度成正比,且载荷数据的离散度随高度增加而变大;(4)λ=H工况下的潜艇由于其背部上方碎冰群的变化,其所受冰载荷峰值的震荡幅度在模拟的前后期差异较大,且在模拟初期冰载荷峰值大于λ=3H/2工况下的冰载荷峰值。

Sea ice can provide a good shelter for submarines.In order to perform emergency combat missions or deal with emergencies,submarines need to break through the ice cover and float up,but drifting brash ice may pose a threat to the submarine after floating up.In this paper,a numerical model of brash ice is established with reference to the ice trough test by HSVA and statistical characteristics of the sea ice in the Arctic.Using CFD-DEM coupling method and software STAR-CCM+,the ice load on the submarine is studied.The numerical results show that as follows.(1)The ice load on the submarine mainly includes the collision of the ice in the front area of the hull and the friction in the side area.Discontinuity of the collision and continuity of the friction make the crushed ice load on the submarine be a repeated load and unload process.(2)Wave making of the submarine makes the brash ice move away from the submarine,thus the peak value of the brash ice load curve is reduced.(3)The height of the floating has great influence on the ice load.(4)In the case that the floating height is same as the height of the submarine hull,oscillation amplitude of the peak of the ice load varies greatly in the early and late stages of the simulation due to the variation of the ice fragments on the upper surface of the submarine.