84例抗凝药物致不良反应的帕累托图分析

Pareto Chart Analysis of 84 Cases of Adverse Reactions Caused by Anticoagulants

目的:分析抗凝药物不良反应(ADR)发生的规律、特点,探讨ADR发生与变化的可能原因及影响因素,为临床应用提供参考。方法:对上海交通大学附属第一人民医院2012年1月-2018年12月上报至国家药品不良反应监测系统的84例抗凝药物所致ADR进行帕累托图分析。结果:84例抗凝药物ADR报告中,男性比例较高为46例(54.76%);60岁以上人群ADR发生例次较多,有62例(73.81%);新的ADR报告4例(4.76%),严重的ADR报告19例(22.62%);发生ADR的抗凝药物共4个种类,其中低分子肝素类药物最多(41.84%),其次为维生素K拮抗剂类(27.55%);以血液系统损害最为常见(74.23%);以药师上报为主。结论:抗凝药物引发ADR与多种因素有关,临床用药时应全方位监控,以减少ADR的发生,确保用药安全。

Objective:To analyze regularity,characteristics,causes and influence factors of adverse drug reactions(ADRs)of anticoagulants so as to provide references for clinical application.Methods:Pareto chart analysis to 84 cases of ADRs caused by anticoagulants from January,2012 to December,2018 was reported to the National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring System by Shanghai General Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University.Results:Among 84 cases of ADRs reported,46 cases(54.76%)were male,62 cases(73.81%)were over 60 years old,4 cases(4.76%)were new ADRs reports,and 19 cases(22.62%)were serious ADRs reports.Four kinds of anticoagulants were involved,among which low molecular weight heparins accounted for the highest proportion(41.84%),followed by vitamin antagonists(27.55%).The damage of blood system was the most common occurrence(74.23%),and the pharmacists were the main reporters.Conclusion:ADRs induced by anticoagulants were related to multiple factors,so we should strengthen monitoring in all aspects in order to reduce the occurrence of ADRs and ensure the safety of medication.