老旧巢脾的不同放置方式对日光化蜡器出蜡率和出蜡速度的影响

Effect of Different Placement of Old Comb in Solar Wax Melter on Beeswax Extraction Rate and Speed

在日光化蜡器熔蜡过程中,由于老旧巢脾中茧衣和杂质的大量沉积,容易出现部分熔出的蜡液滞留于残渣中难以流出的现象。为了揭示老旧巢脾的不同放置方式对日光化蜡器出蜡率和出蜡速度的影响,减少日光化蜡器中滞留的蜂蜡量,本研究对日光化蜡器中老旧巢脾的4种放置方式(Ⅰ组:所裁巢脾以巢框上框梁方向朝上,平放巢脾巢房向上倾斜方式摆放;Ⅱ组:所裁巢脾以巢框上框梁方向朝下,平放巢脾巢房向下倾斜方式摆放;Ⅲ组:所裁巢脾以巢框上框梁方向朝左,平放巢脾巢房向左倾斜方式摆放;Ⅳ组:所裁巢脾以竖立巢框与化蜡器垂直,竖放巢脾巢房方向水平向左右开口的方式摆放)的出蜡率和出蜡速度进行测定。结果表明:所测老旧巢脾中的蜂蜡含量大致相同(P>0.05);日光化蜡器的出蜡率能达到93%以上,但其出蜡率和出蜡速度受老旧巢脾摆放方式的影响。Ⅱ组的出蜡率极显著高于其他3组(P<0.01),Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组的出蜡率次之,且极显著高于Ⅳ组(P<0.01)。单位时间内Ⅱ组的出蜡量最多,出蜡速度最快。从化蜡开始到结束,Ⅱ组的出蜡总时长最短,出蜡速度最快,Ⅲ组和Ⅰ组次之,耗时最长且速度最慢的是Ⅳ组。4个组的出蜡总时长和出蜡速度均存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。本研究确定了巢框上框梁朝下,平放巢脾巢房口向下倾斜(Ⅱ组)为老旧巢脾在日光化蜡器中的最佳放置方式,以期为我国日光化蜡器的应用推广和蜂蜡的高效生产提供科学依据。

In the process of beeswax melting in the solar wax melter,the partial wax liquid of melted beeswax is easily retained in the residue and difficult to flow out due to the large amount of deposition of cocoons and impurities in old wax comb.This study was carried out to determine the beeswax output,consumption time and beeswax extraction rate of four different placement(Group I:The cut wax comb was placed horizontally in solar wax melter by top frame beam of the movable frame was upward and its cells inclined upward;GroupⅡ:The cut wax comb was placed horizontally in solar wax melter by top frame beam of the movable frame was downward and its cells inclined downward;GroupⅢ:The cut wax comb was placed horizontally in solar wax melter by top frame beam of the movable frame was to the left and the cells inclined to the left;GroupⅣ:The cut wax comb was placed vertically with solar wax melter by standing the movable frame and its cells were horizontall left and right)of old wax comb in solar wax melter in order to reveal the influence of different placement of old wax comb on beeswax extraction rate and speed of solar wax melter and reduce the amount of beeswax retained in solar wax melter.The results showed that the content of beeswax in old wax comb was almost the same(P>0.05).The melting beeswax rate of solar wax melter could reach more than 93%,but its beeswax extraction rate and beeswax extraction speed were affected by the different placement ways of old wax comb in solar wax melter.The beeswax extraction rate of group II was the highest,and was significantly higher than that of other three groups(P<0.01),followed by group I and group III,and the beeswax extraction rate of group I and group III was significantly higher than that of group IV(P<0.01).In unit time,group II had the largest beeswax output and the fastest beeswax extraction speed.From the beginning to the end of beeswax melting,the total wax melting time of group II was the shortest and the beeswax removal speed was the fastest,followed by group III and group I,and the longest time consumed was group IV.There were significant differences in total beeswax melting time and beeswax extraction speed among the four groups(P<0.01).This study determined the placement of group II(The cut wax comb was placed horizontally in solar wax melter by top frame beam of the movable frame was downward and its cells inclined downward)was the best way to place the old wax comb in the solar wax melter.Results of this study will provide scientific basis for the popularization of solar wax melter and the efficient production of beeswax in China.