COVID-19鼻腔黏膜免疫疫苗的研究进展

Research progress of nasal mucosal immunization vaccine against COVID-19

呼吸道黏膜免疫系统是机体抵御感染的第一道防线,自2019年新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)发生以来,鼻腔黏膜免疫疫苗因具有诱导细胞、体液及黏膜三重免疫应答能力,已成为研究的热点。本文聚焦于新型冠状病毒,了解其结构及致病机制,并对鼻腔黏膜免疫机制进行简要介绍,概述鼻腔黏膜免疫疫苗种类及临床研究进展,以期为新型疫苗的研发提供理论参考,寻求预防治疗COVID-19的最佳方法与策略。

Respiratory mucosal immune system is the body’s first line of defense against infection.Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in 2019,nasal mucosal immune vaccine,with its ability to induce cellular,humoral and mucosal triple immune responses,has become a research hotspot.This article focuses on novel coronavirus,with an understanding of its structure and pathogenesis,a brief introduction to the immune mechanism of nasal mucosa,a summary of the different types of nasal mucosal immune vaccines and their clinical research,aiming to provide some theoretical reference for the development of new vaccines,and exploration of the best methods and strategies to combat COVID-19.