深圳市南山区预防接种门诊地理空间分布与可及性研究

Geospatial distribution and accessibility of vaccination clinics in Nanshan district, Shenzhen

目的探讨深圳市南山区预防接种门诊的地理空间分布特征及服务可及性,为优化其空间配置提供依据。方法通过地理空间信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)技术,采用Ripley′s K函数和基于实际路网距离的服务区分析方法分别分析南山区预防接种门诊的空间分布格局和服务可及范围;可视化显示预防接种门诊服务资源的空间分布并分析其与人口分布一致性。结果南山区预防接种门诊在1.25 km阈值距离以上时,呈空间聚集分布(P<0.01);多数预防接种门诊服务资源和业务量规模均不大,服务资源较好、业务量较大的多集中分布于南部中心和北部中心位置,与人口聚集中心基本一致;预防接种门诊1.5 km半径服务区人口覆盖率接近91%,但服务区高度重合,重合区域主要聚集于南部中心。结论南山区预防接种门诊在中等尺度及以上距离呈空间聚集,服务资源总体上较充足,服务可及性高,但多数预防接种门诊服务资源规模和接种量均不大、服务可及范围高度重合。

Objective To discuss the geospatial distribution and service accessibility of vaccination clinics in Nanshan district of Shenzhen,and to provide a reference for optimizing spatial allocation of vaccination clinics.Methods The geospatial distribution pattern and service coverage of vaccination clinics in Nanshan district of Shenzhen were characterized by using the Ripley’s K function and the service area analysis method based on actual road network.The spatial distribution of vaccination service resources was visually displayed and its consistency with the spatial distribution of population was analyzed.Results The distributions of vaccination clinics were significantly spatially clustered in Nanshan district of Shenzhen when the distance threshold was over 1.25 km.Most vaccination clinics had small to medium size service resources and workload.While those with relatively bigger size business volume and service resources were mostly located in the central areas of south and north and were consistent with the spatial distribution of population.Although nearly 91%of the population were covered in the radius of 1.5 km service areas,the service areas were highly overlapping and the overlapping clustered in the center area of south.Conclusions The distributions of vaccination clinics are significantly spatially clustered in Nanshan district of Shenzhen under medium scale or above distance.Vaccination resources are overall rich,and service accessibility is high,but most clinics are small in scale and service coverage is highly overlapping.