2012—2021年浙江省义乌市食源性疾病病原体流行特征分析

Pathogenic and epidemiological features of foodborne diseases in Yiwu city of Zhejiang in 2012—2021

目的了解浙江省义乌市食源性疾病特定病原体的流行趋势和特征,为食源性疾病防控提供参考。方法收集2012—2021年义乌市2家食源性疾病哨点医院主动监测病例信息及粪便或肛拭子检测信息,分析特定食源性疾病病原体流行特征。结果共监测病例7924例,采样检测6857例,病原体总检出率为7.96%(546/6857)。其中,诺如病毒检出率为10.71%(250/2334),以GⅡ型为主,占70.80%(177/250);副溶血性弧菌检出率为2.65%(182/6857),O3∶K6血清型为主,占77.47%(141/182);沙门菌检出率为1.65%(113/6857),以肠炎沙门菌(15.93%,18/113)、鼠伤寒沙门菌(12.39%,14/113)为主。诺如病毒、沙门菌在5岁以下年龄组检出率最高,分别为15.79%、2.81%。阳性病例以青壮年为主,为54.95%(300/546),5—10月发病较多,7—9月病例最多。结论诺如病毒是义乌市食源性疾病主要病原体,其次为副溶血性弧菌和沙门菌。各病原体流行特征较为明显,应重点做好5岁以下人群、青壮年人群及高发季节食源性疾病防控工作。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic features of foodborne diseases in Yiwu of Zhejiang province from 2012 to 2021,and to provide reference for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases.Methods Clinical data and laboratory test results were retrospectively collected from active monitoring cases in two sentinel hospitals of foodborne diseases in Yiwu from 2012 to 2021,and were analyzed for the epidemic characteristics of specific foodborne disease pathogens.Results A total of 7924 cases were monitored and 6857 cases were sampled.The overall detection rate of pathogens was 7.96%(546/6857).The detection rate for norovirus was 10.71%(250/2334),and GⅡwas found to be the predominant type,accounting for 70.80%(177/250).The detection rate for was 2.65%(182/6857),and the O3:K6 serotype was predominant,accounting for 77.47%(141/182).The detection rate of Salmonella was 1.65%(113/6857),and Salmonella Enterica(15.93%,18/113)and Salmonella Typhimurium(12.39%,14/113)were predominant.The positive rates of norovirus and Salmonella were the highest of 15.79%and 2.81%among children under 5 years old.Majority cases were young adults,accounting for 54.95%(300/546)and most cases occurred from May to October,especially during July and September.Conclusions Norovirus is the most common pathogen of foodborne diseases in Yiwu,followed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Salmonella.Since children younger than 5 years old are more vulnerable to norovirus and Salmonella infection and half cases are young adults,therefore,prevention and control of foodborne disease should be strengthened among these two population in high incidence seasons.