8409例0~12岁儿童全血常用微量元素检测结果分析

Serum levels of five major trace elements in children aged 0-12 years in Changzhou

目的了解常州市0~12岁儿童全血中钙、铁、镁、锌、铜等5种常用微量元素水平,掌握儿童营养健康状态,提高儿童保健水平,同时为江苏省儿童血中微量元素参考值提供数据支持。方法选取2017年7月—2018年6月于常州市儿童医院门诊体检且进行微量元素检测的8409例儿童为研究对象,通过静脉采血进行铁、锌、钙、镁、铜等5种微量元素检测,分析不同年龄、不同性别儿童5种微量元素水平、缺乏以及过量情况。结果不同年龄组儿童的钙、铁、镁、锌、铜微量元素水平差异均有统计学意义(H=1673.624、1547.696、9.887、2616.139、297.406,P均<0.05);儿童总体钙、铁、镁、锌、铜元素缺乏率分别为34.44%、0.92%、0.04%、10.43%、0.36%,且不同年龄组的钙、铁、镁、锌、铜缺乏率水平差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=140.575、13.504、13.012、61.920、12.813,P均<0.05)。在1~<3岁中,男生钙的缺乏率高于女生(χ^(2)=12.802,P<0.05);在3~<7岁年龄组中,女生的锌元素的缺乏率均高于男童(χ^(2)=9.715,P<0.05)。儿童总体钙、铁、镁、锌、铜元素过量率分别为1.01%、0.91%、1.35%、4.03%、0.75%,不同年龄组的钙、铁、锌、铜过量率水平差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=33.922、21.746、53.981、42.133,P均<0.05)。相比于缺乏情况,儿童过量发生率较低。结论常州地区儿童主要缺乏的微量元素为钙和锌,主要过量的微量元素是锌,提示在饮食上要结合儿童各年龄段的特殊情况,提倡科学合理喂养,适量增加一些强化微量元素的食品。同时要定期检测微量元素含量,预防由此引起的临床问题。

Objective To understand the serum levels of five major trace elements in children aged 0-12 years in Changzhou,to provide data support for the reference values of serum trace elements in children in Jiangsu province.Methods A total of 8409 children who received physical examination and blood tests in the outpatient clinic of Changzhou Children′s Hospital from July 2017 to June 2018 were enrolled as study subjects.Serum levels of calcium,iron,magnesium,zinc,and copper were determined,analyzed and compared between boys and girls as well as among children in different age groups.Results The serum levels of all five trace elements varied significantly among children in different age groups(H=1673.624,1547.696,9.887,2616.139,297.406,P<0.05).The overall deficiency rates of calcium,iron,magnesium,zinc and copper were 34.44%,0.92%,0.04%,10.43%and 0.36%,respectively.There was significant difference in the deficienoy rate of calcium,iron,magnesium,zinc and copper in different age groups(χ^(2)=140.575,13.504,13.012,61.920,12.813,P<0.05).In children aged 1-<3 years,the calcium deficiency rate was higher in boys than that in girls(χ^(2)=12.802,P<0.05),while,the zinc deficiency rate was higher in girls in the age group of 3-<7 years(χ^(2)=9.715,P<0.05).The overall excess rates of calcium,iron,magnesium,zinc,and copper in children were 1.01%,0.91%,1.35%,4.03%and 0.75%,There was significant differnce in the eexcess rate of calcium,iron,magnesium and copper in different age groups(χ^(2)=33.922,21.746,53.981,42.133,P均<0.05)respectively,which were lower than deficiency rates.Conclusions Calcium and zinc are the major trace elements that are deficient in children in Changzhou,while zinc is the most common excessive one,indicating that children at different age should be given calcium-rich and zinc-rich foods and the levels of trace elements should be monitored regularly to avoid excessive intake in order to maintain the health of children.