老年突发性耳聋流行病学特征及发病相关影响因素和预防措施分析

Epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of sudden deafness in the elderly

目的探讨老年突发性耳聋流行病学特征及发病相关影响因素和预防措施。方法选取丽水市人民医院2014年1月至2018年6月收治的老年突发性耳聋患者489例作为研究组,以同期间健康体检者患者300例作为对照组。详细询问及调查患者临床资料:性别、年龄、耳聋部位、眩晕、耳鸣、听力曲线类型、听力损失程度,是否患有糖尿病、高血压、脑梗死。采用多因素logistic回归分析发病相关影响因素。结果研究组和对照组性别、年龄、耳聋部位、合并脑梗死发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组患糖尿病(19.02%)、患高血压(24.34%)、伴眩晕(42.33%)、伴耳鸣(34.56%)、全聋型(37.42%)、听力损伤极重度(49.28%)比例高于对照组(4.33%、11.33%、18.00%、15.00%、14.33%、15.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=34.596、20.109、48.724、35.990、48.500、94.572,P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,合并糖尿病、伴眩晕、听力曲线类型和听力损失程度为影响老年突发性耳聋的影响因素。结论老年突发性耳聋发病受多种因素影响,为降低老年突发性耳聋发生,应按照相关影响因素采取针对性预防措施。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of sudden deafness in the elderly and to discuss its related influencing factors.Methods A total of 489 elderly patients with sudden deafness treated in Lishui People′s Hospital from January 2014 to June 2018 were recruited in the observation group of our study;meanwhile,300 healthy elder individuals were enrolled as study controls.A questionnaire survey was conducted and clinical data were analyzed to obtain information as gender,age,deaf location,vertigo,tinnitus,type of audibility curve,degree of hearing loss and coexisting diseases as diabetes,hypertension and cerebral infarction.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors for sudden deafness in the elderly.Results Univariate analysis showed no significant differences in gender,age,deafness location and coexisting cerebral infarction between the two groups(P>0.05).There were more patients in the observation group than in the control group had diabetes mellitus(19.02%vs 4.33%),hypertension(24.34%vs 11.33%),vertigo(42.33%vs 18.00%),tinnitus(34.56%vs 15.00%),complete hearing loss(37.42%vs 14.33%)and severe hearing impairment(49.28%vs 15.00%),the differences were statistically significant(χ2=34.596,20.109,48.724,35.990,48.500,94.572,P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes mellitus,vertigo,type of audibility curve and degree of hearing loss were independent risk factors for sudden deafness in the elderly.Conclusions The incidence of sudden deafness in the elderly is affected by many factors,which should be intervened accordingly to reduce the incidence of sudden deafness.