新生犊牛不同时间段肠道微生物菌群结构的变化

The changes of intestinal microflora structure in newborn calves at different times

目的了解犊牛在不同生长发育的过程中肠道菌群的建立及肠道菌群结构的动态变化。方法采集不同时间点(1 d、3 d、6 d、9 d、12 d、24 d、36 d、48 d、60 d和72 d)新生6头健康犊牛的新鲜直肠粪便样本,利用16S rDNA测序技术及生物信息学测序方法,分析犊牛不同时间点的肠道微生物结构组成及多样性。结果OTUs聚类分析中共有的OTUs有413个。Alpha多样性指数显示,随着日龄的增加,物种的相对丰度逐渐增多。通过不同组间相对丰度展示了在科水平不同种类物种的相对丰度,包括厌氧环境、致病菌等方面生成了物种丰富度柱形累加图。在厌氧环境中,梭菌科随着日龄的增加逐渐增加。真菌科在48 d后逐渐出现在肠道菌群中。毛螺菌科从犊牛出生就一直存在肠道中,并逐渐增加成为优势菌群。在致病菌中,肠杆菌科随着日龄的增加逐渐减少,梭菌与瘤胃球菌不断增加。结论通过分析新生犊牛肠道微生物菌群多样性的动态结构变化,对新生犊牛胃肠道微生态环境的改善和免疫调控及其生产性能具有重要的意义。

Objective To observe the establishment and dynamic changes in the structure of intestinal microflora of calves during different stages of growth and development.Methods Fresh rectal fecal samples were collected from 6healthy calves at different time points(1 d,3 d,6 d,9 d,12 d,24 d,36 d,48 d,60 d and 72 d),and the intestinal microbial structure and diversity were analyzed by using 16S rDNA sequencing and bioinformatics sequencing.Results A total of413 OTUs were identified in OTUs cluster analysis.The alpha diversity index showed that the relative abundance of species increased with the increasing age.The relative abundances of different species at the family level were displayed through the relative abundances in different groups,and the column accumulation diagram of species richness was generated from the aspects of anaerobic environment and pathogenic bacteria.In anaerobic environments,Clostridium increased with age.Mycology gradually appeared in intestinal flora after 48 days.The family Lachnospiraceae had been present in the intestines of calves since birth and gradually increased to become the dominant flora.Among pathogenic bacteria,Enterobacter family decreased gradually with the increase of age,while Clostridium difficile and Rumen cocci increased continuously.Conclusion It is of important significance to learn the diversity and dynamic structural changes of intestinal microflora of newborn calves for improving gastrointestinal microecological environment,immune regulation and production performance of newborn calves.