中国图书馆学理论的抽象与具象之路:兼论图书馆学理论实践化的四个锚点

The Abstract and Concrete Way of Chinese Library Science Theory:Also on the Four Anchor Points of the Practice of Library Science Theory

本文从图书馆学理论与实践脱节的问题出发,梳理了中国图书馆学理论抽象发展中“面向过程”和“面向集合”的两条发展脉络,发现这两个过程都始于杜定友的“三要素”理论,并且在理论抽象过程中都不约而同地出现了公理化趋势。进一步研究梳理了中国图书馆学理论具象化的过程,并指出理论具象化的三种类型:回归式的具象、探寻边界式的具象和内生式的具象。中国图书馆学缺少的不是理论,而是理论实践化的方法以及不同理论在现实层面开展竞争的方法,未能在实际工作中找到现实的锚点是造成理论实践化困难的主要原因。相应地,提出理论具象化过程中与图书馆对接的四个锚点——“资源”“服务”“技术”和“需求”。当理论的具象可以紧紧锚定在这四个锚点之上,就形成了“用什么资源,采用何种方式服务,满足何种需求,由哪种技术实现”的逻辑问题,再通过观察和验证进而推动理论的实践化进程。最后,为图书馆学理论实践化的突破提出了解决办法:重视高质量的理论具象化研究,在理论具象化中锚定四个锚点,重视读者需求的深入研究,培养更多的研究辅助者,以期推动中国图书馆学理论走上良性发展之路。参考文献35。

Starting from the disconnection between the theory and its practice of library science,this paper delves into the development contexts of“process-oriented”and“set-oriented”in the abstract development of Chinese library science theory.It is found that both processes began with DU Dingyou's“three elements”theory.The abstraction of“process-oriented”is based on ZHOU Wenjun's theory of document communication and MI Hao's theory of knowledge communication,and YE Ying tried to axiomatize the theory.The abstraction of“set-oriented”also began with the theory of“three elements”,and finally developed into“knowledge resource theory”through“symbolic information theory”,“available set theory”and“information resource theory”,and WANG Zizhou made an axiomatic attempt.It comes to the conclusion that there is an axiomatic trend in both directions in the process of theoretical abstraction of Chinese library science.Further,this paper studies and analyzes the process of concretization of Chinese library science theory,and points out three characteristics of theoretical concretization:regression concretization,boundary exploration concretization,and endogenous concretization.It also puts forward that what Chinese library science lacks is not the number of theories,but the method of how to practice and compete between different theories at the practical level.At the same time,it is clear that the failure to find a realistic anchor point in the actual work is the main reason for the difficulty of theoretical practice.In order to solve the problem of the difficulty in the practice of library science theory,this paper analyzes the four anchor points in the process of theoretical concretization,which are“resource”,“service”,“technology”and“demand”.It points out that resource is the natural attribute of library,service is a way of resource allocation,technology determines the way and efficiency of library service,and demand is the purpose of concretization.When the concretization of the theory can be firmly anchored on these four anchor points,a basic logical question is formed,which is“what resources,how to serve,what purpose to meet,and what technology to achieve”.Then this logical problem forms a mapping relationship with a specific scenario that can be replicated,so as to have the conditions for repeated observation and verification,so that the theoretical assumptions and inferences can be verified.Thus,it can promote the process of theoretical practicality.Finally,the paper puts forward solutions for the breakthrough in the practice of library science theory,including attaching importance to high-quality theoretical representational research,anchoring four anchor points in theoretical representational research,paying attention to the in-depth study of readers'needs,and cultivating more research assistants,so as to make Chinese library science theory embark on the road of benign development.35 refs.