低温环境下持续性军事职业活动对抑制控制能力的影响

The effects of sustained military occupational activities on inhibitory control ability in low temperature environment

目的:评定低温环境下持续性军事职业活动对抑制控制能力的影响,为精准军事运动训练提供依据。方法:20名健康男性青年学员,平均年龄:(23.32±1.62)岁;身高:(175.34±4.14)cm;体重:(68.19±3.12)kg,分别在常温(16℃~23℃)和低温(-3℃^-1℃)环境下,持续36 h时间内完成多项军事课目,记录全程RR间期和核心温度,活动前后进行斯特鲁普色词测试、闪光融合临界频率测试。结果:与安静状态相比,两次军事职业活动中的心率、运动后的过氧消耗和运动冲量值均显著增加(P<0.05),但两次活动之间并无显著差异(P>0.05);与安静值相比,两次活动平均核心温度和最大核心温度均显著增加(P<0.05),与常温环境相比,低温环境下核心温度的平均值显著增加(P<0.05),但最大核心温度无显著差异(P>0.05);与安静状态相比,两次活动后抑制控制能力均显著降低(P<0.05),且低温环境下显著低于常温环境(P<0.05)。另外,与安静状态相比,两次活动均导致明显的精神疲劳(P<0.05),低温环境下更为严重(P<0.05)。结论:持续性军事职业活动可损害抑制控制能力,并引发精神疲劳,冷应激会加重负性影响。

Objective:To evaluate the effects of sustained military occupational activities on inhibitory control ability in low temperature environment,which could provide a basis for accurate military physical training.Methods:Twenty healthy male young cadets(mean age:(23.32±1.62)y;height:(175.34±4.14)cm;body weight:(68.19±3.12)kg)were enrolled in this experiment.A number of military tasks last 36 hours were completed in the ordinary(16℃~23℃)and low(-3℃^-1℃)temperature environment,and the RR interval and core temperature were recorded.The stroop-word-color test and critical frequency test were performed before and after the activities.Results:Compared with rest,the heart rate,excess post-exercise oxygen consumption and training impulse were increased significantly(P<0.05)in military occupational activities,however there was no significant difference between the two activities(P>0.05).Compared with the rest,the average and maximum core temperature were increased significantly(P<0.05),however,compared with the ordinary temperature environment,the average core temperature in the low temperature environment was increased significantly(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the maximum core temperature(P>0.05).Compared with rest,the inhibitory control ability after the two activities was significantly lower(P<0.05),which was much worse in the low temperature environment than that in the ordinary temperature environment(P<0.05).In addition,compared with rest,both activities led to obvious mental fatigue(P<0.05),which was more serious in low temperature environment(P<0.05).Conclusion:The sustained military activities can impair the inhibitory control ability,and cause the mental fatigue,in addition,the stress of low temperature can aggravate the negative effects.