中国公众转基因水稻安全评价的社会文化视域分析

Social and Cultural Horizon Analysis of Safety Evaluation of Genetically Modified Rice in China

国内外相关研究表明,公众在进行转基因技术安全评价时,更多采取的是社会文化视域。这种社会文化视域的选择是必然的。对于中国公众,主要是从以下社会文化视域展开转基因水稻评价的:风险感知文化层面,"宁可信其有,不可信其无";政治文化层面,"凡是敌人赞成的,我们就反对,反之亦然";经济文化层面,传统水稻种植方式受到冲击,新的种植方式贯彻受阻;饮食文化层面,工厂的不如家养的,家养的不如野生的;伦理文化层面,后殖民主义、代内和代际不公、敬畏生命、爱护动物;宗教文化层面,人类扮演造物主的角色,亵渎神灵,等等。据此,中国公众是更多地拒斥转基因水稻的。这种拒斥转基因水稻的社会文化有其合理性,应该得到尊重,不能以赞成转基因水稻的科学文化——科学主义对此加以评价和限制,否则会影响社会的和谐稳定,也不能实现科学的民主化。

Relevant studies at home and abroad show that the public takes a more sociocultural perspective when evaluating the safety of GM technology.This choice of social and cultural horizons is inevitable.For the Chinese public,the evaluation of GM rice is mainly carried out from the following social and cultural perspectives:perceptual cultural level,"Better believe in what it has than in what it does not have";political and cultural level,"Whatever the enemy approves,we oppose it,and vice versa";economic and cultural level,traditional rice cultivation methods are impacted.The implementation of new planting methods has been hindered;at the level of dietary culture,factories are inferior to households and households are inferior to wild ones;at the level of ethical culture,post-colonialism,intra-generational and inter-generational injustice,reverence for life and love for animals;at the level of religious culture,human beings play the role of creator and desecrate gods;and so on.As a result,the Chinese public is more likely to reject GM rice.The social culture of rejecting GM rice has its rationality and should be respected.It can not be evaluated and restricted by scientism,which is in favor of GM rice.Otherwise,it will affect the harmony and stability of society and will not realize the democratization of science.