基于知识观对一流大学与一流学科建设的反思

Reflections on the Construction of First-class Universities and First-class Disciplines Based on Knowledge Theory

作为以知识为对象的社会机构,大学自产生以来,就深受两种西方知识观传统的影响:一种是以希腊哲学为起点进而在基督教神学思想中占据主导的统一的、整体的知识观,另一种是源自亚里士多德哲学并自中世纪大学产生之初显现进而在现代大学得以日益强化的专门化、分殊化的知识观。现代大学在很大程度上是在知识专门化、分殊化这一路径上持续扩张其知识边界与知识活动。我们既要反思专门化、分殊化的知识观在塑造现代大学学科及其组织形态带来的诸多弊端,同时也要反思近40年来被现代大学特别是世界一流大学与一流学科建设奉为圭臬的新公共管理的理论与实践。

As a social institution with knowledge as its object,university has been deeply influenced by two traditions of Western knowledge theories since it came into being:One is the unified and holistic view of knowledge starting from Greek philosophy and dominating in Christian theological thought;the other is the specialized and differentiated view of knowledge originating from Aristotelian philosophy and appearing at the beginning of medieval universities,which has been increasingly strengthened in modern universities.To a large extent,modern universities continue to expand their knowledge boundaries and activities along the path of knowledge specialization and differentiation.We should not only reflect on the disadvantages brought by the knowledge view of specialization and differentiation in shaping the disciplines and organizational forms of modern universities,but also reflect on the theory and practice of new public management that has been regarded as the guiding principle of modern universities,especially the construction of world-class universities and first-class disciplines in the past 40 years.