民国时期“大学无用论”研究(1930—1936)

Research on"University Useless Theory"in the Republic of China(1930—1936)

20世纪30年代初期,中国知识界首次就大学教育问题展开大讨论。“大学无用论”的雏形孕育于20世纪20年代,盛行与发酵于20世纪30年代,是特定时代下高等教育转型的必然结果。学校内部问题、民国大环境和大学生自身因素是当时大学无用的主要原因,并由此构成了大学无用的基本表征。同时,“大学无用论”也蕴含着对极端思想的反思和批评,并催生了时人使大学变“无用”为“有用”的思考与探索。“大学无用论”的流行反映了民国大环境影响下的教育界焦虑与危机,为当前中国教育转型时期的平稳过渡与发展提供了重要参考。

The embryonic form of the"university useless theory"was conceived in the 1920s,and it prevailed and fermented in the 1930s.It is the inevitable result of the transformation of higher education in a given era.The internal problems of school,the environment of the Republic of China and the university students’own factors were the primary reasons for the uselessness of the university at that time,and resulted in the basic characteristics of the uselessness of the university.At the same time,the"University Useless Theory"also contains the reflections and criticisms of extreme ideas.The popularity of the"University Useless Theory"reflects the concerns and crises of the education sector under the influence of the Republic of China,and provides reference for the smooth transition and development of current Chinese educational transition period.