清人何焯教育实践对优化当代导学关系的启示

Research on the Communication Between He Zhuo and His Students and the Inspiration for Guiding Relationship

导学关系是研究生教育质量的重要影响因素,面对频发的导学失衡、师生失和的事件,可以借由考察清代校勘学家何焯的教育实例收获启示。首先,何焯与弟子建立良好导学关系的基础,在于何焯对德育的重视和对教学的投入,他课徒时既授以处世稳重,涵养心性的修身之道,又指导弟子研究经籍,锤炼时文。其次,何焯通过确立推荐制度,公平选材,一视同仁,维系师门导学关系的和睦。当义门师生因弟子焚毁何焯著述而渐生嫌隙时,双方并未及时沟通,师生关系遭遇冲击,但何焯逐渐体谅弟子举动,导学关系得到修补。探究何焯教育实践及其与学生的交往,不单对导学关系的研究大有裨益,亦可激发研究者发掘、凝练“古典教育的理论”的动力。

Guiding relationship is the important factor which can affect the quality of graduate education.In the face of frequent imbalance of guiding relationship and disharmony between teachers and students,We can get enlightenment by investigating the communication experience between He Zhuo and his students.First,the foundation to establish good guiding relationship lies in He Zhuo’s emphasis on moral education and his investment in teaching.He not only teaches students the way of self-cultivation of being steady in life and cultivating their mind,but also guides them to study the classics and practice eight-part essay.Second,He Zhuo establishes the recommendation system which can maintain the harmonious guiding relationship.Finally,when He Zhuo and his students gradually become suspicious because of burning He Zhuo’s works,they fail to communicate in time and the relationship is damaged.However,He Zhuo understands the students’actions and the relationship is repaired by degrees.Research on the communication between He Zhuo and his students is not only of great benefit to study guiding relationship,but also can inspire researchers to explore and refine the theory of classical education.