历史语境下日本高等教育学科理念的沉思与反省

Meditation and Introspection on the Concept of Discipline of Japan’s Higher Education in the Historical Context

自1868年明治维新到1886年《帝国大学令》颁布这一时期,与日本自传统的东方向近代的西方过渡的时代趋势几乎一致,日本高等教育的学科理念亦出现了糅杂、无序的过渡状态。儒教主义者的折衷主义趋向、西化主义者的实用主义趋向、启蒙主义者的合理主义趋向成为这一时期日本教育理念的代表性思想。这样的一系列思想各自提出了独特的学科观念或者体系,构成了日本近代高等教育学科前史阶段的一大思想论争。沉思与反省这一思想论争的诸多问题,既可以认识到历史演绎潜藏着无数的、多样性的发展契机,也有助于我们深刻反思近代高等教育学科体系的合理性与现实性。

From the Meiji Restoration in 1868 to the promulgation of Order of Imperial University in 1886,in the early days of modern Japan,almost in line with the trend of Japan’s transition from the traditional East to the modern West,the concept of higher education in Japan has also appeared in a mixed and disorderly state.Confucianism’s eclecticism,Westernist’s pragmatism and Enlightenmentist’s rationalism became the representative thought of Japanese educational ideas in this period.Each of these sets of ideas puts forward the unique subject concept or system,which constitutes a major ideological debate in the prehistoric stage of the discipline of modern higher education in Japan.Pondering and reflecting on many problems of this ideological debate,can not only realize that the historical interpretation has numerous and diverse opportunities for development,but also help us to reflect deeply on the rationality and reality of the discipline system of modern higher education.