俄罗斯国际商事仲裁制度与涉俄商事仲裁

On the International Commercial Arbitration System of Russian Federation and Russian-related Commercial Arbitration

随着中俄两国面向21世纪的战略协作伙伴关系的建立和发展,双边经贸合作的规模必将进一步扩大。如何加强对俄罗斯联邦民商事立法与实践的研究,无疑是我国国际私法学界面临的迫切课题。近十年的情况说明,在两国贸易额呈上升趋势的同时,贸易及投资领域的纠纷亦大量发生。由于历史的原因,以仲裁方式解决这类案件,对中俄两国尤为重要。然而,目前无论在中国还是在俄罗斯,这方面的研究都很欠缺。本文的撰写,旨在引起对这方面研究工作的重视。全文共分四部分:一、俄罗斯联邦有关国际商事仲裁立法的现状。在这一部分中概述了该国所参加的有关国际条约和国内现行的有关立法,并对其特点作了分析。二、俄罗斯联邦的常设国际商事仲裁机构。这种机构有两个,即俄罗斯联邦工商会下设的国际商事仲裁院和海事仲裁委员会。文中分别阐明了这两个机构的历史沿革、法律地位与性质、管辖依据及受案范围;其中着重论述了俄罗斯理论与实践中存在的"强制性仲裁管辖权"这一独特概念。三、外国仲裁裁决的承认与执行问题。俄罗斯联邦的立法表明,存在条约关系或互惠关系是承认外国仲裁裁决的前提。俄是1958年纽约公约的成员国,故其国内立法中的有关规定与纽约公约是一致的,但值得注意的是,其立法中还规定了对外国仲裁裁决提出异议的理由和程序,这是其他国家立法中所没有的。文中对该规定的立法意图作了分析。四、关于涉俄商事仲裁。文中着重论述了涉俄商事仲裁实务中值得注意的两个问题,并有力地论证了下述观点:(一) 1990年《中苏交货共同条件》的有效性不容置疑,因而涉俄经济合同纠纷案件只能经由仲裁解决,法院无权管辖;(二)就涉俄商事仲裁而言,特别是仲裁地在俄罗斯境内时,就更应在仲裁协议中载明当事人双方约定的仲裁机构。

With the establishment and development of Sino-Russian relations based on strategical and coordinative partnership facing 21 century,the scale of bilateral economic and trade cooperation between PRC and RF will be further expanded.Therefore it is a pressing problem before us to strengthen the research of the Russian Federation’s legislation and practice on civil and commercial matters.The factual situation for the past ten years has shown that as the bilateral trade is expanding,the disputes resulted from the contracts of trade and investments are increasing.By reason of the historical conditions,it is especially important for PRC and RF to settle those disputes by arbitration.However,for a variety of reasons the research in this field is rather scare either in China or in Russian.We wrote this article on purpose to arouse more attention on the issue from theoretical and business circles.The article deals with the international commercial arbitration in Russian Federation and Russian-related arbitration.It is divided into four parts,which are as follows:1.The present situation of the legislation on international commercial arbitration in RF.In this part the relevant international treaties acceded to by RF and its domestic legislation are summarized and characterized.2.The permanent organizations of international commercial arbitration in RF.There are two organizations established under Russian Federation’s Chamber of industry and commerce,namely,International Commercial Arbitration Court and Maritime Arbitration Commission.In this part their historical change,legal status and character,basis and scope of taking cognizance are separately expounded;furthermore,the unique conception of"mandatory arbitration jurisdiction"raised in Russian theory and practice,is emphatically explained.3.The recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitration awards in Russian Federation.It is explained that the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitration awards within the territory of the country are based on treaty relationship or principle of reciprocity.Russian Federation,as a contracting state of 1958 New York Convention,shall comply with and carry out the stipulations about recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitration award.It is worthy of attention to that there are reasons and procedure of lodging opposition against recognition and performance of the awards.4.The Russian-related commercial arbitration.There are two interesting problems to which we draw attention and on which the following viewpoints are strongly argued:(1)the effectiveness of《1990 Sino-Russcian Common terms of goods supply》is no doubt,while the disputes arising from Russian-related economic contracts shall be settled by the way of international commercial arbitration,and court jurisdiction to them shall be ruled out;(2)as far as the arbitration relates the settlement of Russian-related contract disputes,especially if the place of the arbitration is within the territory of RF,the arbitration organization chosen by the concerned parties shall be clearly stated in their arbitration agreement.