基于地理信息系统(GIS)的地质灾害评价现状

Current status of geological disaster assessment based on Geographic Information Systems(GIS)

近年来,地理信息系统(GIS)已成为评估和管理地质灾害风险的关键工具。地质灾害危险性评价是识别、分析和预测地质灾害潜在威胁的过程,它对于防灾减灾策略的制定和执行至关重要。本文基于GIS的地质灾害危险性评价方法的研究现状,探讨了其发展趋势。首先,从国内和国外两个方面回顾了GIS技术在地质灾害管理中的应用历史,分析了基于GIS的地质灾害调查。其次,探讨了地质易发性评价、危险性评价、易损性评价、地质灾害风险性之间的关系,详细分析了易发性和危险性评价的主要评价方法、计算逻辑、优缺点、应用场景和主要评价指标,对地质灾害易损性和风险性进行分析并指出目前主要几种分级类型,并指出了地质灾害评价过程的问题及未来的发展方向。

In recent years,Geographic Information Systems(GIS)have become an essential tool for the assessment and management of geological disaster risks.The evaluation of geological disaster risk involves the identification,analysis,and prediction of potential threats posed by geological events,which is vital for the development and implementation of disaster prevention and mitigation strategies.This paper provides an overview of the current research on methodologies for evaluating the risk of geological disasters based on GIS and discusses future trends in this field.It begins with a review of the history of GIS applications in geological disaster management from both domestic and international perspectives,followed by an analysis of GIS-based geological disaster surveys.This paper then delves into the relationships between geological hazard susceptibility assessment,hazard assessment,vulnerability assessment,and geological disaster risk.It thoroughly examines the main evaluation methods,computational logic,advantages and disadvantages,application scenarios,and key evaluation indicators for susceptibility and hazard assessments.Furthermore,it analyzes geological disaster vulnerability and risk,highlighting the current main types of classification.The paper also identifies issues in the process of geological disaster assessment and points out directions for future development.