深圳市宝安区居民心理健康素养现状及其影响因素分析

Analysis on mental health literacy and its influencing factors among residents in Bao′an District of Shenzhen City

目的了解深圳市宝安区居民的心理健康素养水平,为开展有针对性的心理健康促进活动提供科学依据。方法于2020年12月—2021年1月,采用分层随机抽样方法选取深圳市宝安区≥18岁的社区常住居民为调查对象,并进行入户调查。采用自编一般人口学问卷、居民心理健康素养问卷,评估社区居民心理健康素养达标情况。结果发放1300份问卷,回收1283份,应答率为98.69%。居民心理健康素养达标率为6.70%。心理健康知识达标率为8.40%;心理健康意识达标率为92.50%;心理疾病应对达标率为49.10%。Logistic回归分析显示,女性、高中/中专、大专/本科及以上、专业技术人员、工人的心理健康素养水平较高,OR值分别为1.633(95%CI:1.025~2.603)、3.985(95%CI:2.202~7.214)、2.840(95%CI:1.439~5.604)、3.088(95%CI:1.475~6.466)、4.091(95%CI:1.892~8.849);患有慢性疾病的居民心理健康素养水平较低,OR值为0.208(95%CI:0.050~0.870)。结论深圳市宝安区居民心理健康素养水平较低,心理健康知识水平和心理疾病应对水平亟待提高。特别应针对男性、文化程度较低、患有慢性疾病居民和服务业人员开展心理健康促进活动。

Objective To understand the mental health literacy level and its influencing factors of residents in Bao′an district of Shenzhen City,so as to provide the evidence for mental health promotion campaigns.Methods Permanent residents at ages of 18 years and older were recruited in Bao′an district of Shenzhen City using the stratified random sampling method from December 2020 to January 2021.The self-designed general demographic questionnaire and community residents′mental health literacy questionnaire were used to collect basic information and assess the level of mental health literacy among community residents.Results A total of 1300 questionnaires were allocated,and 1283 valid questionnaires were recovered,with an effective recovery rate of 98.69%.The attainment rate of mental health literacy was 6.70%.The attainment rate of mental health knowledge was 8.40%.The attainment rate of mental health awareness was 92.50%.The attainment rate of mental disease coping was 49.10%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females,senior high school/technical school,college/undergraduate or above,professional technical personnel,workers have a higher mental health literacy level[OR and 95%CI:1.633(1.025-2.603),3.985(2.202-7.214),2.840(1.439-5.604),3.088(1.475-6.466),4.091(1.892-8.849)].Residents with chronic diseases have a lower mental health literacy level[OR and 95%CI:0.208(0.050-0.870)].Conclusion The mental health literacy level of residents in Bao′an district of Shenzhen City is relatively lower,and it still needs to be improved in terms of mental health knowledge and mental disease coping.Mental health promotion campaigns are recommended among males,residents with a low educational level or suffering from chronic diseases and service industry personnel.