回授法健康教育对2型糖尿病患者自我管理能力及生活质量的影响

Effect of feedback health education on self-management ability and quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

目的评价回授法健康教育(Teach back)对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者自我管理能力及生活质量的影响。方法纳入2019年12月—2020年12月齐齐哈尔医学院附属第一医院收治的T2DM患者103例作为对照组,2021年1—12月纳入103例作为观察组。观察组采用Teach back,对照组采用常规健康教育,干预2个月。对比两组干预前后血糖水平、自我管理能力、生活质量量表(GQOLI-74)评分,干预后血糖达标率、健康行为执行情况。结果干预后,观察组空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)分别为(4.89±0.77)mmol/L、(6.11±0.88)mmol/L、(5.87±0.95)L均优于对照组的(6.09±0.96)mmol/L、(7.03±0.95)mmol/L、(6.38±1.11)L;观察组的FPG达标率、2 h PG达标率、HbAlc达标率分别为79.61%、82.52%、84.47%,均优于对照组的66.99%、68.93%、70.87%;观察组的自我管理能力总分为(130.04±9.85)分优于对照组的(105.62±10.26)分;观察组监测血糖、遵医嘱用药、戒烟戒酒、饮食控制、合理运动各项健康行为执行良好的患者占比分别为90.29%、92.23%、86.41%、88.35%、83.50%,均优于对照组的69.90%、72.82%、74.76%、76.70%、65.05%;干预后较干预前,两组心理功能、躯体功能、物质生活状态、社会功能各项评分均较高,且较对照组,观察组更高,组间上述各指标差异均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论Teach back可有效提高T2DM患者的自我管理能力、血糖达标情况以及生活质量,帮助其建立良好的健康行为执行习惯。

Objective To evaluate the effect of feedback health education(Teach back)on self-management ability and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods 103 patients with T2DM admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College from December 2019 to December 2020 were included as the control group,and 103 patients were included as the observation group from January 2021 to December 2021.Teach back was used in the observation group,and routine health education was used in the control group for 2 months.The blood sugar level,self-management ability,quality of life scale(GQOLI-74)score,blood sugar compliance rate and health behavior implementation after intervention were compared between the two groups.Results After the intervention,the fasting blood glucose(FPG),postprandial blood glucose(2 h PG)and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc)in the observation group were(4.89±0.77)mmol/L,(6.11±0.88)mmol/L and(5.87±0.95)L,respectively,which were better than those in the control group(6.09±0.96)mmol/L,(7.03±0.95)mmol/L and(6.38±1.11)L.The compliance rates of FPG,2 h PG and HbAlc in the observation group were 79.61%,82.52%and 84.47%,respectively,which were better than those in the control group 66.99%,68.93%and 70.87%.The total score of self-management ability in the observation group was(130.04±9.85),which was better than that in the control group(105.62±10.26).In the observation group 90.29%,92.23%,86.41%,88.35%and 83.50%of patients performed well in monitoring blood sugar,taking medicine according to doctor's advice,quitting smoking and drinking,diet control and reasonable exercise,respectively,which were better than those in the control group 69.90%,72.82%,74.76%,76.70%and 65.05%.After the intervention,the scores of psychological functions,physical function,material life status and social function of the two groups were higher than those of the control group and the observation group,and there were statistical differences between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Teach back can effectively improve the self-management ability,blood glucose compliance and quality of life of patients with T2DM,and help them establish good healthy behavior execution habits.