北京市60岁及以上老年人减盐知识、行为现状及影响因素分析

Knowledge,behaviors and influencing factors of salt reduction among adults aged 60 years and above in Beijing

目的了解北京市60岁及以上老年人减盐知识、行为及影响因素,为后续开展有针对性的营养健康教育和干预措施提供科学依据。方法利用2015年中国成人慢性病与营养监测中北京地区60岁及以上老年人的数据,分析减盐知识、行为状况。结果2015年北京市共监测1530名60岁及以上老年人,《中国居民膳食指南》知晓率为32.0%,24.7%的老年人表示知道“《指南》推荐成人每人每天吃盐不超过多少克”,正确限盐克数知晓率为18.9%;在8种减盐行为中,“烹调食物时少放盐”的持有率最高(65.0%),“注意食品标签上的盐(或钠)含量”最低(26.5%);4种及以上减盐行为的持有率为57.6%,1~3种减盐行为的持有率为9.3%,33.1%的调查对象无减盐行为。1种及以上减盐行为的持有率为66.9%,多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:女性(OR=1.718,P<0.001)、城区(OR=1.359,P=0.029)、初中及以上文化者(OR=1.427,P=0.006)及知晓《指南》(OR=1.944,P<0.001)与持有1种及以上减盐行为呈正相关。结论北京市60岁及以上老年人减盐知识和行为水平仍需提高,需开展有针对性的减盐健康教育和干预措施。

Objective To understand the knowledge,behavior and influencing factors of salt reduction among aged 60 years and older in Beijing,and to provide scientific basis for follow-up nutrition and health education and intervention measures.Methods The data for the study were obtained from the China National Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance of Adults(2015).The knowledge awareness of salt reduction and the holding of salt reduction behaviors were analyzed.Results A total of 1530 people aged 60 and above were monitored in Beijing in 2015.32.0%of the elderly said they had heard of the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents.24.7%of the elderly said they knew that Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents recommend that adults eat no more than grams of salt per day,but only 18.9%of the elderly could correctly answer that the number of grams was 6 grams.Among the eight kinds of salt reduction behaviors,the highest holding rate was 65.0%for using less salt in cooking food,and the lowest holding rate was 26.5%for paying attention to salt(or sodium)content on food labels.Among the elderly,57.6%of them had four or more salt reduction behaviors,9.3%had one to three salt reduction behaviors,and 33.1%had no salt reduction behavior.Among the elderly,66.9%had one or more salt reduction behaviors.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female(OR=1.718,P<0.001),living in urban area(OR=1.359,P=0.029),having junior high school education or above(OR=1.427,P=0.006)and knowing the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents(OR=1.944,P<0.001)were positively correlated with having one or more salt reduction behaviors.Conclusion The knowledge and behavior of salt reduction in Beijing aged 60 and above need to be improved,and targeted nutrition and health education and intervention measures are urgently needed.