我国19~59岁群体进食行为、自我效能与健康相关生命质量的关系

The relationship between eating behavior,self-efficacy and health-related quality of life among the population aged 19-59 in China

目的了解我国19~59岁群体进食行为和自我效能与健康相关生命质量的关系。方法数据来源于2021年中国家庭健康指数调查,基于我国的欧洲五维健康量表效用值积分计算体系转换,采用Tobit回归模型分析影响健康相关生命质量的因素,利用结构方程模型探讨自我效能的中介作用。结果我国19~59岁群体的健康效用值为1.00(0.85,1.00)。健康组的进食行为得分低于非健康组(Z=-2.031,P=0.042),健康组的自我效能得分高于非健康组(Z=-12.190,P<0.001)。健康效用值与进食行为呈负相关(r=-0.028,P=0.007),健康效用值与自我效能呈正相关(r=0.137,P<0.001),进食行为与自我效能呈负相关(r=-0.119,P<0.001)。Tobit回归结果显示,女性、个人月收入较低、文化程度较低、家庭关系不和谐、进食行为较差、自我效能较低、患有慢病的少数民族群体是健康相关生命质量的危险因素。结构方程模型结果显示,19~59岁群体进食行为对健康效用值的直接效应为-0.040,对自我效能的直接效应为-0.066,自我效能对健康效用值的直接效应为0.148,自我效能的中介效应为25.0%。结论我国19~59岁群体健康相关生命质量总体较好,可以通过健康教育改善进食行为和提高自我效能,提升健康相关生命质量。

Objective To explore the relationship between eating behavior,self-efficacy and health-related quality of life among the population aged 19-59 in China.Methods The data came from the 2021 China Family Health Index Survey.The utility value of health status was calculated by the conversion of European five-dimensional health scale point calculation system in China.Tobit regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting health-related quality of life,and the structural equation model was used to explore the mediating role of self-efficacy.Results The utility value of health status was 1.00(0.85,1.00)among the population aged 19-59 in China.The eating behavior score of healthy group was lower than that of unhealthy group(Z=-2.031,P=0.042),and the self-efficacy score of healthy group was higher than that of unhealthy group(Z=-12.190,P<0.001).The utility value of health status was negatively correlated with eating behavior(r=-0.028,P=0.007)and was positively correlated with self-efficacy(r=0.137,P<0.001),the eating behavior was negatively correlated with self-efficacy(r=-0.119,P<0.001).The results of Tobit regression showed that female,lower personal monthly income,lower education level,disharmonious family relationship,poor eating behavior,low self-efficacy and ethnic minority groups with chronic diseases were the risk factors of health-related quality of life.The results of structural equation model showed that the direct effect of eating behavior on the utility value of health status was-0.040,the direct effect on self-efficacy was-0.066,the direct effect of self-efficacy on the utility value of health status was 0.148,and the mediation of self-efficacy was 0.148 and the mediation effect was 25.0%.Conclusion The health-related quality of life among the population aged 19-59 in China is generally good,and health education should be used to improve eating behavior and self-efficacy to enhance the health-related quality of life.