居住环境对青少年健康的影响及社会适应能力的中介作用

The impact of living environment and adolescent health and the mediation effect of social adaptation

目的分析青少年居住环境、社会适应能力和健康之间的关系,探讨社会适应能力在居住环境和健康之间的中介效应,为促进青少年健康水平提供建议。方法利用中国教育追踪调查2013—2014学年和2014—2015学年两期数据,该调查使用多阶段概率和规模成比例抽样方法,以调查问卷的形式在全国随机抽取28个县级单位,112所学校和438个班级进行调查,调查对象包括学生、家长、教师和学校领导。采用多元线性回归模型和偏差校正百分位Bootstrap方法,分析居住环境对青少年健康的影响和社会适应能力在两者间的中介效应。结果住所环境得分为(2.215±0.731)分,社区环境得分为(2.316±1.186)分,地区类型中郊区占比最大(67.90%),居住方式中双亲同住占比最大(75.14%),邻里环境得分为(0.316±0.544)分;住所环境(β=0.067,P<0.05)和社区环境(β=0.031,P<0.05)与青少年健康呈正向相关关系,地区类型、居住方式和邻里环境与青少年健康之间不显著;社会适应能力在住所环境、社区环境与健康之间均有中介效应,分别占总效应10.35%和19.33%。结论住所环境、社区环境和社会适应能力均是改善青少年健康状况的关键因素,家庭、社区和政府应共同创造出适合青少年健康发展的环境。

Objective To analyze the relationship among living environment,social adaptation and health of adolescents,and to explore the mediating effect of social adaptation between living environment and health,so as to provide suggestions for promoting adolescents'health level.Methods Using China Education Panel Survey from 2013-2014 academic year and 2014-2015 academic year.The survey used the method of multi-stage probability and scale proportional sampling,and randomly selected 28 county-level units,112 schools and 438 classes in the form of questionnaire.The respondents include students,parents,teachers and school leaders.Multiple linear regression model and Bootstrap resampling method were used to analyze the impact of living environment on adolescent health and the mediating effect of social adaptation between them.Results The score of residential environment was(2.215±0.731),community environment was(2.316±1.186),suburban area accounted for the largest share of area type(67.90%),two-parent living together accounted for the largest share of residence mode(75.14%),and neighborhood environment scored(0.316±0.544);There was a positive correlation between residential environment(β=0.067,P<0.05)and community environment(β=0.031,P<0.05)and adolescent health,and there was no significant correlation between area type,residence mode and neighborhood environment and adolescent health;There was no significant correlation between social adjustment ability in residential environment,neighborhood environment and health all had mediating effects,accounting for 10.35%and 19.33%of the total effect,respectively.Conclusion The living environment,community environment and social adaptation are the key factors to improve the health status of adolescents.Families,communities and government should work together to create an environment suitable for the healthy development of adolescents.