北京市脑卒中患者卒中相关知识知晓调查及影响因素分析

Analysis on stroke related knowledge and its influencing factors among patients with stroke in Beijing

目的了解北京市脑卒中患者卒中相关知识知晓情况及其影响因素。方法数据来源于北京市心脑血管疾病高危人群队列研究,以方便抽样的方式纳入北京市16区社区人群,在队列人群中筛选随访过程中诊断为脑卒中的患者,进行问卷调查、体格检查及卒中相关知识调查。计算卒中知识得分率,应用多因素Logistic回归探索脑卒中患者卒中相关知识得分的影响因素。结果本研究对1818名卒中患者进行卒中知识调查,总得分率为77.29%。得分率最高的题目为“脑卒中患者不宜吃含盐高的菜品或腌制品,如咸肉、咸菜、熏酱食物等”;得分率最低的题目为“通过每年换季时预防性输液能减少脑卒中的发生”。研究人群卒中相关知识平均得分在不同性别、年龄组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),整体呈现女性得分高于男性(F=3.91,P=0.048),随着年龄增加知识得分降低(F=4.16,P=0.006)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,高龄(≥70岁)(OR=0.75,95%CI:0.58~0.96)、现在吸烟(OR=0.68,95%CI:0.48~0.97)或已戒烟(OR=0.66,95%CI:10.45~0.98)、卒中后遗症(OR=0.77,95%CI:0.59~0.99)患者的知识及格率更低。当患者文化程度达到初中/中专/高中程度,其及格率显著高于小学及以下文化程度患者(OR=1.63,95%CI:1.21~2.20)。结论北京市脑卒中患者可能对于部分卒中相关健康知识存在误区,应筛选高龄、低文化程度、吸烟、存在后遗症的卒中患者给予有针对性的健康教育。

Objective To understand the awareness of stroke related knowledge and its influencing factors of stroke patients in Beijing.Methods The data came from a community-based cohort study of high-risk groups of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in 16 districts of Beijing.Stroke patients diagnosed during follow-up were included and all of them received questionnaire survey,physical examination and stroke related knowledge survey.The score rate of stroke knowledge was calculated.Multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of stroke related knowledge in stroke patients.Results 1818 stroke patients were investigated for stroke knowledge and their total score rate was 77.29%.The question with the highest scoring rate was"stroke patients should not eat dishes with high salt content,such as bacon,pickles and smoked sauce food".The knowledge point with the lowest scoring rate was"preventive infusion can reduce the incidence of stroke through changing seasons every year".The average score of stroke related knowledge had significant differences between different gender and age groups.The score of women was higher than that of men(F=3.91,P=0.048),and the score gradually decreased with the increase of age(F=4.16,P=0.006).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the pass rate of knowledge was lower in patients with advanced age(≥70 years)(OR=0.75,95%CI:0.58-0.96),current smoking(OR=0.68,95%CI:0.48-0.97)or having quit smoking(OR=0.66,95%CI:10.45-0.98),stroke sequelae(OR=0.77,95%CI:0.59-0.99).The pass rate of patients with education level of junior high school/technical secondary school/high school was significantly higher than that of patients with primary school and below education(OR=1.63,95%CI:1.21-2.20).Conclusion There were some misunderstandings about stroke related health knowledge among stroke patients in Beijing.Targeted health education should be provided to stroke patients with advanced age,low educational level,smoking,and sequelae.