不同类型艾滋病知识对低年级大学生艾滋病相关健康信念的影响

Influence of different types of AIDS knowledge on AIDS-related health beliefs of junior college students

目的了解成都市大学生艾滋病相关健康信念,分类探讨艾滋病知识对健康信念的作用,寻求改进大学生艾滋病知识教育的措施。方法基于健康信念模式设计问卷,通过分层整群抽样,对抽得的成都市11所高校的1053名大学生进行人口学资料、健康信念与艾滋病知识的调查。结果大学生健康信念总分为(34.88±3.93)分,不同特征大学生的健康信念得分和总分差异有统计学意义。非传播途径类艾滋病知识得分越高,对感知到易感性(b=0.137,P=0.030)、感知到益处(b=0.152,P=0.005)、感知到障碍(b=0.167,P=0.033)、自我效能(b=0.132,P=0.021)得分越有促进作用;传播途径类知识得分越高,对感知到益处(b=0.136,P=0.011)、感知到障碍(b=0.361,P<0.001)、自我效能(b=0.237,P<0.001)得分越有促进作用。非传播途径类艾滋病知识得分越高(b=0.674,P<0.001)、传播途径类艾滋病知识得分越高(b=0.823,P<0.001)、生源地为城市(b=-0.852,P=0.011)、有插入性行为经历(b=1.361,P=0.005)、学校类型为本科(b=1.042,P=0.008)、入学前所学学科为理科(b=0.714,P=0.019)、月生活费≥1500元(b=1.275,P=0.006)对健康信念总分越有促进作用。结论艾滋病知识的掌握对艾滋病相关健康信念起着一定作用,高校应强化但不局限于艾滋病知识教育,开展教育的同时不能忽视学生需求,应重视对农村生源地、专科院校学生、文科学生、贫困学生的艾滋病预防教育。

Objective To understand the AIDS related health beliefs and the role of AIDS knowledge on the health beliefs among college students in Chengdu city,and to seek measures to improve AIDS knowledge education.Methods A questionnaire was designed based on the health belief model(HBM).Demographic data,health belief and AIDS knowledge of 1053 college students from 11 universities in Chengdu were investigated through stratified cluster sampling.Results The total score of college students’health beliefs is(34.88±3.93),and the health beliefs of college students with different characteristics are different.Higher score of non-transmissible AIDS knowledge can promote the scores of perceived susceptibility(b=0.137,P=0.030),perceived benefits(b=0.152,P=0.005),perceived barriers(b=0.167,P=0.033)and self-efficacy(b=0.132,P=0.021).Higher score of transmission AIDS can promote the scores of perceived benefits(b=0.136,P=0.011),perceived obstacles(b=0.361,P<0.001),and self-efficacy(b=0.237,P<0.001).Students with higher score of non-transmissible AIDS knowledge(b=0.674,P<0.001),with higher score of transmissible AIDS knowledge(b=0.823,P<0.001),born in the city(b=-0.852,P=0.011),with sexual experience(b=1.361,P=0.005),studying in the undergraduate school(b=1.042,P=0.008),with the major of science before attending university(b=0.714,P=0.019),with the highest monthly income(b=1.275,P=0.006)are tend to have higher total score of health belief.Conclusion AIDS knowledge education plays a certain role in AIDS-related health beliefs,and college education should be strengthened while not limited to knowledge.Health educators in universities cannot ignore students’demand and should pay attention to students in rural areas,college students,liberal arts students,poor students about their AIDS prevention education.