社区2型糖尿病患者家庭支持与饮食行为的相关性研究

Study on the correlation between family support and dietary behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in community

目的了解糖尿病患者的家庭支持与饮食行为、自我效能等因素的关系,探索家庭成员应如何为患者提供有效支持,为健康教育和家庭干预提供依据。方法抽取北京市两城区社区卫生服务中心管理的符合条件的2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,问卷内容包括饮食行为、家庭支持、糖尿病技能、自我效能等。Logistic回归分析糖尿病患者饮食行为影响因素。结果共调查781人,其中男性364例(占46.6%),女性417例(占53.4%)。女性较男性易遵循糖尿病饮食指导(P=0.001)。遵循糖尿病饮食指导患者的家庭支持、实质性及表扬性支持得分高于不遵循糖尿病饮食指导者(P均<0.05)。男性、已婚和大专及以上文化水平者家庭支持、实质性支持、表扬性支持及批评性支持高于其他组。年龄<60岁组及家庭人均月收入超过1万元组患者家庭批评性支持得分高于其他组。多因素Logistic回归分析显示女性(OR=0.525,95%CI:0.379~0.727)、家庭实质性支持高水平(OR=1.033,95%CI:1.014~1.053)、较好掌握糖尿病技能(OR=1.038,95%CI:1.017~1.059)及自我效能较高水平(OR=1.023,95%CI:1.011~1.035)有助于2型糖尿病患者遵循糖尿病饮食指导。结论糖尿病患者的饮食行为与家庭支持、糖尿病技能、自我效能和性别有关。

Objective To explore the correlation between family support and dietary behaviors,self-efficacy and other factors with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients,and find out how family members could provide effective support for patients.This study also aims to provide evidence for health education and family intervention.Methods Eligible patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients managed by the community health service center in the two districts of Beijing were enrolled.The questionnaire included items on dietary behavior,family support,diabetes-related skills,and self-efficacy.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of diabetic diet by patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Results A total of 781 valid questionnaires were collected,including 364 male(46.6%)and 417 female(53.4%).Women were more likely to follow the directions of diabetes diet than men(P=0.001).The scores of family support,substantive support and praise support were higher in patients who followed the directions of diabetic diet than those who did not(P<0.05).The scores of family support,family substantive support and family praise support of male,married and patients with tertiary education and above were higher than those of other groups.The family critical support scores for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged less than 60 years old and households with monthly income exceeding 10000 yuan were higher than those of other groups.Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors influencing patients followed the directions of diabetes diet were gender(female)(OR=0.525,95%CI:0.379-0.727,)substantive family support(OR=1.033,95%CI:1.014-1.053),diabetes skills(OR=1.038,95%CI:1.017-1.059)and self-efficacy(OR=1.023,95%CI:1.011-1.035)(P<0.05).Conclusion The dietary behavior of diabetic patients is related to family support,diabetic-relative skills,self-efficacy and gender.