2015年浙江省设区的国家卫生城市居民健康素养现状及影响因素研究

Study on health literacy and influencing factors among residents in national sanitary cities divided into districts in Zhejiang

目的了解2015年浙江省设区国家卫生城市居民健康素养状况及影响因素,为国卫城市制定健康促进与教育策略提供循证依据。方法采用PPS结合多阶段整群随机抽样方法,抽取浙江省11个设区国家卫生城市34个区15~69岁常住居民27200名进行问卷调查,采用频数统计、χ~2检验、Logistic回归分析现况和影响因素。结果浙江省设区国家卫生城市居民健康素养水平为18.04%。3方面健康素养水平分别为基本知识和理念27.03%、基本技能27.21%和健康生活方式与行为21.21%。6类健康问题素养水平分别为安全与急救素养61.35%、科学健康观素养45.35%、健康信息素养26.32%、传染病防治素养24.77%、基本医疗素养16.26%和慢性病防治素养11.55%。多因素Logistic回归模型显示,年龄、文化程度、职业是影响健康素养的主要因素。25~34岁组健康素养最高(OR=1.558,95%CI:1.292~1.879);大专及以上文化程度素养最高(OR=5.394,95%CI:4.307~6.757);机关事业单位人群健康素养最高(OR=2.055,95%CI:1.780~2.372)。结论在今后的工作中应根据不同人群特点结合国卫城市工作开展有针对性的健康素养干预,在青少年、老年、中低学历人群、城中村农民、学生等人群中进一步加强健康教育与健康促进工作。

Objective To understand the current status of health literacy and its influencing factors among residents in national sanitary cities divided into districts in Zhejiang in 2015,and to provide evidence-based health intervention strategies.Methods 27200 residents aged 15-69 years old from 34 districts in 11 national sanitary cities were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method and surveyed by questionnaire about health literacy.Data were analyzed by frequencies,chi-square and logistic regression.Results The overall level of health literacy was 18.04%.The rate of health literacy of basic health knowledge and concept,health lifestyle and behavior,primary health related skills were 27.03%,21.21%,27.21%respectively.The level of health literacy of 6 health issues from high to low was the literacy of safety and first-aid(61.35%),the scientific health belief literacy(45.35%),the literacy of health information(26.32%),the literacy of infectious disease prevention(24.77%),the primary medical literacy(16.26%),the literacy of chronic disease prevention(11.55%).The multiple-factor analysis of Logistic regression showed that age,education degree,and occupation were the main influencing factors of health literacy.25-34 age group had the highest health literacy(OR=1.558,95%CI:1.292-1.879);college and above had the highest health literacy(OR=5.394,95%CI:4.307-6.757);civil servants and institutions staff had the highest health literacy(OR=2.055,95%CI:1.780-2.372).Conclusion The intervention should be implemented based on different characteristics of different residents and tasks of national sanitary cities.Health education and promotion should be further strengthened among adolescents,the elderly,low educational population,farmers living in urban villages,and students.