2018年云南省86个贫困县区居民健康素养现状及其影响因素分析

Analysis on health literacy and its influencing factors among residents in 86 poverty-stricken counties and districts in Yunnan Province

目的了解云南省86个贫困县区居民的健康素养现状及其影响因素,为制定健康扶贫政策和在贫困地区开展健康促进及教育工作提供科学依据。方法采用分层多阶段随机抽样的方法,抽取云南省86个贫困县区15~69岁的常住居民23162人进行入户调查。结果2018年云南省86个贫困县区居民健康素养具备率为9.43%。基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能素养具备率依次为23.12%、10.50%、7.78%;安全与急救、科学健康观、慢性病防治、传染病防治、基本医疗、健康信息素养具备率依次为28.46%、26.11%、15.64%、13.40%、12.40%、12.12%。Logistic回归分析显示,云南省贫困地区居民健康素养的主要影响因素有职业(医务人员:OR=2.856,95%CI:2.037~3.936)、城乡(农村:OR=0.693,95%CI:0.625~0.769)、民族(少数民族:OR=0.783,95%CI:0.708~0.865)、家庭年收入(3万~5万元:OR=1.304,95%CI:1.107~1.536)、年龄(25~34岁:OR=1.357,95%CI:1.114~1.652)、文化程度(小学:OR=2.223,95%CI:1.760~2.806)。结论云南省贫困地区居民健康素养具备率相对较低,应结合健康扶贫相关政策,针对贫困地区居民中的重点人群和健康素养薄弱环节开展更有效的健康教育和干预,以提升贫困地区居民健康素养水平。

Objective To understand the status quo of health literacy of residents in 86 poverty-stricken counties and districts in Yunnan province and its influencing factors,so as to provide scientific basis for formulating health poverty alleviation policies and carrying out health promotion and education in poverty-stricken areas.Methods A stratified multistage random sampling method was used to select 23162 permanent residents aged 15-69 from 86 poverty-stricken counties and districts in Yunnan province for household survey.Results In 2018,the health literacy rate of residents in 86 povertystricken counties and districts in Yunnan province was 9.43%.The possession rate of basic health concept and knowledge,healthy lifestyle and behaviors,and basic skills literacy were 23.12%,10.50%,and 7.78%respectively.The completion rates of safety and first aid,scientific attitude towards health,chronic disease prevention,infectious disease prevention,basic medical care and health information literacy were 28.46%,26.11%,15.64%,13.40%,12.40%,and 12.12%respectively.Logistic regression analysis shows that the main influencing factors of health literacy of residents in poor areas of Yunnan Province are occupation(medical staff:OR=2.856,95%CI:2.037-3.936),urban and rural(rural:OR-0.693,95%CI:0.625-0.769),Ethnic group(minority group:OR=0.783,95%CI:0.708-0.865),annual family income(30000-50000:OR=1.304,95%CI:1.107-1.536),age(25-34 years old:OR=1.357,95%CI:1.114-1.652),education level(primary school:OR=2.223,95%CI:1.760-2.806).Conclusion The health literacy rate of residents in poor areas of Yunnan province is relatively low.Therefore,more effective health education and intervention should be carried out for key groups and weak links of health literacy of residents in poor areas in combination with relevant policies on health poverty alleviation,so as to improve the health literacy level of residents in poor areas.