膜骨架研究进展

Research Progress of Membrane Skeleton

膜骨架是细胞膜内侧分布的一种具有重复性规律排布的结构,帮助维持和稳定细胞膜形态,并参与调控多种细胞内生理过程。膜骨架最初在红细胞中被发现,赋予红细胞卓越的膜机械稳定性,是红细胞维持正常双凹圆盘形状和生理功能的重要因素。以红细胞膜骨架为代表,对膜骨架的相关研究进行综述,详细阐述红细胞膜骨架的蛋白质组成和复合物结构,简述神经细胞膜骨架的相关研究,探讨膜骨架研究领域中待解决的科学问题,并对未来的发展前景进行展望。

The membrane skeleton is a repetitive and regularly arranged structure distributed on the inside of the cell membrane,which helps maintain and stabilize the morphology of cell membrane and participates in the regulation of various intracellular physiological processes.Membrane skeleton was first discovered in red blood cells.It gives red blood cells excellent membrane mechanical stability and is an important factor in maintaining normal biconcave disc shape and physiological function of red blood cells.This paper takes the membrane skeleton of red blood cell as a representative,reviews a series of studies on the membrane skeleton,and also elaborates on the protein composition and complex structure of the membrane skeleton.In addition,some studies on the nerve cell membrane skeleton are also introduced.Furthermore,it summarizes the scientific problems to be solved in the research field of membrane skeleton and looks forward to the future development prospects.