声敏纳米材料在颅脑疾病诊疗中的应用

Advances in Sono-Sensitive Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Cerebral Disease

作为颅脑疾病的主要表现形式,脑肿瘤、脑梗死等疾病随着全球人口老龄化问题的加剧,发病率逐年增加。其高致残率与致死率促使广大临床与科研工作者开发更安全有效的治疗方法,以应对日渐上升的临床治疗压力。区别于其他部位疾病,脑部疾病治疗中,药物需经外周循环系统由血脑屏障(bloodbrain-barrier,BBB)进入脑区发挥效用。BBB阻碍治疗药物在颅内的递送和聚集,限制治疗效果。因此,针对脑部疾病,开发具有特异性、高效性、安全性的治疗体系和递送策略对提高疾病治疗效果至关重要。纳米材料因其组成的多样性和改造的便捷可控性逐渐成为临床问题解决方案储备库,声敏纳米材料因其特殊的超声敏化能力,在颅内疾病的治疗中具有更为明显的优势。本文对具有超声敏化性质的纳米材料在脑肿瘤及脑梗死治疗方面的应用进行总结,并对其未来发展和临床转化进行展望。

Brain is the most important component of the central nervous system,whose health status directly affects the survival and quality of life.As the main manifestation of cerebral diseases,the brain tumor and cerebral infarction show increasing incidence year by year with the aging of the population.Their high disability and mortality have prompted researchers to develop safer and more effective treatment modalities to cope with the increasing clinical treatment pressure.The blood-brain-barrier(BBB)hinders the delivery and aggregation of therapeutic agent in the brain for disease therapy.Therefore,the development of specific,efficient and safe therapeutic systems and delivery strategies is essential to improve the effectiveness of brain disease treatment.Nanomaterials provide various solutions to clinical problems due to their diverse composition and controllable modification.Acoustically sensitive nanomaterials have more advantages in the treatment of intracranial diseases due to their special ultrasound sensitive character.In this paper,the applications of sono-sensitive nanomaterials in the treatment of brain tumors and ischemic stroke are summarized and discussed,which could provide a prospect for their future development and the potential in clinical translation.