考虑避让紧迫度的数字化船舶领域模型

A Numerical Model of Ship Domain Reflecting Collision Urgency Ditribution

为使船舶领域更好地适用于碰撞风险评价和避碰决策,采用解析法提出了一种考虑船舶避让紧迫度的数字化船舶领域建模方法。根据船舶航速、旋回性能和避碰行为,以船舶间极限通过为切入点,构建了四元船舶领域边界方程;在此基础上,考虑船舶极限碰撞领域边界,构建了基于避让紧迫度的船舶领域内部结构的数字化标定模型;并将该模型与传统船舶领域模型进行了对比分析,发现数字化船舶领域的首向、右舷区域最大,尾向、左舷区域最小;尺度随本船操纵性的变好而变小,随他船接近航速的增大而变大;内部避让紧迫度由内向外逐渐降低,且船首方向上降低较慢,自"船首-右舷-船尾"降速逐渐加快。结果表明:数字化船舶领域模型为四元不对称动态领域模型,可以揭示船舶领域内部结构不同方位、速度和距离下的船舶避让紧迫度。研究对于船舶碰撞风险预警和避碰决策有一定的应用价值。

The equations of ship domain boundary with 4 arguments are built,involving ship speed,turning performance,anti-collision action and critical passing distance.The ship domain structure model is constructed according to numerically defined collision urgency distribution.The shape of the model is different to ordinary ship domain.It is bigger at bow area and starboard side and smaller at stern area and port side and the sizes depend on maneuverability performance of a ship and the target approaching speed.The better of the maneuverability performance,the smaller the sizes,and the higher the approaching speed,the larger the sizes.The represented collision urgency within the domain goes lower gradually outwards.The lowest rate of degrease is seen at the bow area and the rate becomes higher in order of bow-starboard-stern.