负载量对次郎甜柿产量和果实品质的影响及经济效益分析

Effects of fruit load on yield and fruit quality of ’Jiro’ persimmon and economic benefit analysis

以5~6年生次郎甜柿为试材,设计4个目标产量的负载量水平,分别为5.25×10^(4)、4.50×10^(4)、3.75×10^(4)、3.00×10^(4) kg/hm^(2),并调查树体生长状况、枝类组成、产量、果实品质及经济效益等指标,筛选适宜的负载量,为生产中选择合理的产量提供理论参考。结果表明:随着负载量的降低,冠径、中枝数、长枝数、总枝数逐渐减少,结果枝、营养枝粗度逐渐增加,有利于生产优质大果;植株结果数急剧下降,果实横径、纵径及单果重均显著增大;果实硬度显著增加,可溶性固形物含量呈上升趋势,果实品质提高;优质果率显著提升,提高了经济效益;果园病虫害降低,果园管理所用的劳动力和药剂成本降低。因此,每公顷留果3.75×10^(4) kg为次郎甜柿最佳负载量,该负载量水平的树体生长状况良好,枝类组成结构合理,产量和果实品质较高,利于树体养分积累和丰产稳产。

With the five to six-year-old‘Jiro’persimmon as materials,the experiment was designed on four fruit load levels (5.25×10^(4),4.50×10^(4),3.75×10^(4),3.00×10^(4)kg/hm^(2)) to determine the effects of tree growth,shoots types,yield,fruit quality and economic benefits.The study aimed to select the appropriate yield as a reference for‘Jiro’persimmon production.The results showed that,with the decrease of the fruit load,the crown diameter,the number of medium shoots and long shoots,the total number of shoots decreased,and the thickness of vegetative shoot and bearing shoot increased,which could contribute to the high quality of fruits.Although the fruit number decreased with the reduction of fruit load levels,the fruit transverse length,longitudinal length and fruit weight increased significantly.Similarly,the fruit firmness and soluble solids content increased,which suggested that the fruit quality were improved.It also increased the percentage of high-quality fruits and earned a higher economic value.Notably,the decreased fruit load levels were helpful to mitigate pets and diseases and reduce the cost of labor and chemicals for orchard managing.Finally,3.75×10^(4)kg per hectare was the appropriate fruit load level for‘Jiro’persimmon,which has a reasonable shoots types ratio,high yield,good fruit quality and high economic benefits on this level.