氮肥减施对猕猴桃产量与果实品质及经济效益的影响

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on yield,fruit quality and economic benefits of kiwifruit

以贵长猕猴桃为试验材料,研究不同氮肥减施处理对猕猴桃产量、果实品质、施肥效果及经济效益的影响。结果表明:氮肥减施10%处理的猕猴桃产量最高,较常规施肥处理增产11.4%;氮肥减施处理的猕猴桃大果率均有所增加;随氮肥施用量的减少,猕猴桃果实pH值呈先降低后升高的趋势,氮肥减施10%处理的果实糖度最高;氮肥减施20%处理的果实蛋白质含量最高,氮肥减施10%处理的果实磷、钾含量最高;氮肥减施10%处理的肥料农学效率和肥料偏生产力均高于常规施肥处理;与常规施肥处理相比,氮肥减施10%处理的猕猴桃利润率较高。总体来看,氮肥减施10%~20%对提高猕猴桃产量、果实品质、施肥效果及经济效益的效果较好。

Using ’Guichang’ kiwifruit as experimental material, the yield, fruit quality, fertilization effect and economic benefits of kiwifruit were studied under different nitrogen fertilizer reduction. The results showed that kiwifruit yield was highest under 10% nitrogen fertilizer reduction, which was 11.4% higher than that under the conventional fertilization. The large fruit rate of kiwifruit was increased under nitrogen fertilizer reduction. The pH value of kiwifruit decreased first and then increased with the decrease of nitrogen application rate. The sugar content of kiwifruit was highest under 10% nitrogen fertilizer reduction. The fruit protein content was highest under 20% nitrogen fertilizer reduction, and the fruit phosphorus and potassium content was highest under 10% nitrogen fertilizer reduction. The agronomic efficiency and partial fertilizer productivity of 10% nitrogen fertilizer reduction were higher than those of conventional fertilization. Compared with conventional fertilization, the profit rate of kiwifruit was higher under 10% nitrogen fertilizer reduction. In general, reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 10%~20% had better effects on improving kiwifruit yield, fruit quality, fertilization effect and economic benefits.