新一代智慧高速公路系统架构设计

Framework of the New Generation of Smart Highway

伴随中国高速公路的快速发展,智慧高速成为下一代公路系统技术形态演变的必然趋势。对其功能描述与架构解析能够有效指导未来高速公路的规划与建设,为智慧交通体系提供有力支撑。针对智慧高速的基本服务功能,结合车路耦合发展脉络,首先提出了以服务能力升级为导向的新一代智慧高速技术特征与系统内涵。面向不同服务对象与功能,明确了智慧高速系统的核心组分与技术板块:广域全息感知、数字孪生刻画、车路协同应用与实时通讯媒介。面向自动驾驶的发展需求,介绍了不同条件下各核心板块间的业务交互与数据交互。借鉴现有国内外典型智慧高速发展案例,重点阐述了新一代智慧高速公路的物理架构与应用架构,从精度、维度、鲜度3个层面探析了不同应用系统的数据模式与数字化要求。在此基础上,讨论了新一代智慧高速车路强耦合的推进路径,界定了从R0到R5的高速公路智慧化等级特征,揭示了不同车辆自动化等级与高速公路智慧化等级间的耦合作用,并总结了现阶段工程建设的关键问题与发展方向,从系统兼容性、设计场景、规范标准、通讯安全等4个角度研判了亟待解决的关键问题。研究成果可以指导设计可迁移、可持续的新一代智慧高速公路发展路径,对智慧高速的技术研究与建造应用具有重要参考意义。

With the rapid development of highways in China,the smart highway has become an inevitable trend in the evolution of the technological form of the next-generation highway system.Its functional description and structural analysis can effectively guide the planning and construction of future highways and provide strong support for the intelligent transportation system.Aiming at the basic service functions of the smart highway,combined with the development of vehicle-road coupling system,this paper first proposed the technical features and system connotations of the new generation of smart highway(NGSH)oriented by service capability upgrade.Facing different service objects and functions,the core components and technical sections of the NGSH were clarified:wide-area holographic perception,digital twins,vehicle-road collaborative applications,and real-time communication media.Facing the development needs of automated driving,the business and data interaction between the core sectors under different conditions were introduced.Drawing lessons from typical domestic and foreign NGSH cases,we focused on the physical and application architecture of the NGSH,and analyzed the data modes and digital requirements for different application systems from data accuracy,dimension,and freshness.On this basis,the strong coupling path of the NGSH was discussed,the features of the different smart-level NGSH from R0 to R5 were defined,the coupling effect between vehicle automation levels and highway smart level was revealed.We also summarized the key issues and development directions of the current NGSH construction,and judged the key issues that need to be resolved from four perspectives:system compatibility,design scenarios,specifications,and communication security.Results can guide the design of the migratable and sustainable NGSH development paths,and have important reference significance for the technical research and construction application of smart highways.