借鉴与超越:中美高等教育比较研究的审思

Reference and Transcendence: Reflections on the Comparative Study of Higher Education Between China and the U.S.

世界高等教育旧有格局逐渐发生变化,中国高等教育逐渐由世界边缘走向中心,中美两国高等教育的关系逐渐由以美国为师变为平起平坐,各种对中美高等教育现状的认识和判断纷纷涌现。从学理上厘清我国学界在中美高等教育比较研究中几个值得商榷的问题,如仰视心态、实用主义心态和对一手资料缺乏深入了解、对统计数据误读等,并在此基础上综合历时性和共时性的研究进路,对比分析中美两国在高等教育结构、科技人才培养、学生资助体系和本科教育上的差异与特性,以期从宏观、中观、微观三个层面整体把握中美高等教育的发展现状和趋势,科学研判当前我国高等教育所处的发展阶段及其复杂性,进而为新时期中国高等教育从借鉴走向超越提供智力支持。

The study clarifies the main misunderstandings of American higher education studies in China, and integrates diachronic and synchronic approaches to compare the two higher education systems in the structure, the training of scientific and technological talents, the student funding system, and the undergraduate curriculum. The study aims to grasp the status quo and future trends of the two higher education systems from the macro, meso, and micro perspectives, and evaluate the complexity of the status quo of China’s higher education, in order to provide insights into the future development of China’s higher education in the new era.