学科生态系统:从理论到方法的可能——兼论世界一流学科的成长机理

Discipline Ecosystem: Possibility from Theory to Method: Discussion on the Growth Mechanism of World-class Disciplines

世界一流学科生成于健康和谐的学科生态系统。然而,作为一种解释学科成长的理论模型,学科生态系统的重要价值还体现在作为一种方法的可能,从众多的案例大学中总结归纳世界一流学科的成长机理。以密歇根大学机械工程学科为例,运用"学科组织成长-学科系统结构-大学组织制度"分析框架,旨在全景式揭示案例大学世界一流学科的卓越之路。研究表明,学科生态系统完全可以作为一种揭示学科成长机理的方法,并在理论解释与观测结构方面都具有较强的契合性。未来的研究需要理论建构与实证研究之间反复协商和对话,惟其如此,方能获得更加完善的理论模型,更为准确的学科成长规律。

World-class disciplines emerge from a healthy and harmonious discipline ecosystem.However,as a theoretical model to explain the growth of the discipline,the important value of the disciplinary ecosystem is also reflected in the possibility of a method,summarizing and classifying the world-class from many case universities.Taking the University of Michigan’s mechanical engineering discipline as an example,this research aims to comprehensively reveal the excellent course of world-class disciplines of case University in three dimensions:disciplinary organization growth,disciplinary system structure and university organizational system.Studies have shown that the disciplinary ecosystem can be used as a method for discovering the mechanism of disciplinary growth,and it is theoretically compatible with the structure of observation.Future research requires repeated negotiation and dialogue between theoretical construction and empirical research.Only in this way can we obtain a more comprehensive theoretical model and a more accurate discipline growth law.