中部省份集群创新发展现状、路径和政策建议

Present situation,Path and Policy Suggestion of Cluster Innovation Development in Central Provinces

集群是创新系统与企业之间的中观层面。集群机制促进了技术、人才和知识资源的聚集、企业之间的技术溢出和研发合作,进而起到了提高创新效率的作用,然而,不同区域聚集的集群显示出创新效率的差异,以及基于差异的集群创新能力提升不同的路径。为了更好推动中部地区产业集群创新发展,提高中部地区创新集群的效率,本文以中部省份创新型集群数据为基础,使用DEA-Malmquist法计算各区域集群的创新效率,再使用模糊集定性比较分析法得到4条考虑集群异质性的提升创新效率的路径。根据路径的特点将其命名为全面性、环境型、聚集型,其中全面型路径适用于江西、安徽省;环境型路径包括两条,分别适用于湖北省,安徽、江西、湖南省;聚集型路径适用于湖北省。根据路径的变量组合,从大学科研园建设、扩大集群数量、吸引人才流入、增加集群内部交流、提高创新集群产出等方面为中部各省份创新集群发展提供政策建议。

Clusters are the meso level between innovation systems and enterprises.The cluster mechanism promotes the accumulation of technology,talents and knowledge resources,technology spillovers and R&D cooperation between enterprises,and thus plays a role in improving innovation efficiency.However,clusters gathered in different regions show differences in innovation efficiency and different ways to improve cluster innovation ability.In order to better promote the development of clusters in the central region and improve the efficiency of innovation clusters in the central region,this paper uses the DEA-Malmquist method to calculate the innovation efficiency of each regional cluster based on the innovation cluster data of the central provinces,and then uses the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method to get 4 ways to improve innovation efficiency considering the heterogeneity of cluster.According to the characteristics of the path,it is named as comprehensive,environmental and aggregation path.The comprehensive path is suitable for Jiangxi and Anhui provinces.There are two environmental paths,one is applicable to Hubei Province,the other is applicable to Anhui,Jiangxi and Hunan provinces.The aggregation path is suitable for Hubei Province.According to the variable combination of the path,it provides policy recommendations for the development of innovation clusters in the central provinces in terms of the construction of university scientific research parks,expanding the number of clusters,attracting talent inflow,increasing internal exchanges of the clusters,and improving the output of innovation clusters.