加强东北黑土地保护,实现粮食安全与固碳增汇协同发展

Strengthening the Protection of Black Land in Northeast China and Realizing Coordinated Development of Food Security and Carbon Sequestrationand Carbon Sink Increase

我国东北地区作为北半球仅有的三大黑土区之一,是我国粮食安全的"压舱石",对维护我国区域生态环境稳定和保障国家粮食安全具有不可替代的作用。粮食安全与耕地质量和种子安全密切相关,但由于长期连作、单作、过度开垦,农田黑土肥力下降,土壤结构恶化,土壤耕层变薄、有机质含量降低,黑土区耕地出现长期透支,导致黑土"变薄、变瘦、变硬"。本文主要介绍东北黑土地保护现状、农业生产情况、黑土地固碳增汇的情况和前景,围绕粮食安全与固碳增汇协同发展方面存在的问题等方面展开分析,为加强东北黑土地保护,实现粮食安全与固碳增汇协同发展提出解决路径。

As one of the only three black soil regions in the Northern hemisphere,northeast China is the"ballast stone"of China’s food security.It plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining regional ecological environment stability and guaranteeing national food security.Food security is closely related to cultivated land quality and seed security.However,due to long-term continuous cropping,mono cropping and excessive reclamation,the fertility of farmland black soil decreases,soil structure deteriorates,soil surface becomes thinner and organic matter content decreases,and arable land in the black soil area is overdrawn for a long time,resulting in the deterioration of the black soil.This article mainly introduces the status quo of black land protection,agricultural production,the situation and prospect of black land carbon sequestrationand carbon sink increase,andanalyzes the problems existing in the coordinated development of food security and carbon sequestrationand carbon sink increase,and finally proposes solutions for strengthening the protection of black land in northeast China and realizing the coordinated development of food security and carbon sequestrationand carbon sink increase.