论法律认知的信任逻辑

普通公民在对现代法律制度的认知方面存在困境,以致大多数人只能有风险地信任或不信任法律。法律信任是基于有限的信息对法律的内在可靠性所作的潜在推断,某些认知成本比较低且与法律的内在可靠性有一定关联的信息,被挑选出来作为判断法律结构与过程整体可靠性的关键依据,并被符号化与象征化。法律信任还通过内在的情感特征来消除因为无知而产生的心理负担,通过严格的“阙限”来控制信任风险的无限制扩大。法律信任的符号信息基础大致包括两方面:效力信息与实效信息。效力信息主要是道德信息,因为其来源广泛、认知成本比较低;实效信息主要是指法律制裁,而制裁作为负面信息具有比奖励更强烈的“表达性效果”。法律信任还需要通过制度化不信任来规避法律信任的符号敏感性,从而实现动态稳定的系统信任。

Ordinary citizens have difficulties in understanding the modern legal system,so that most people can only trust or distrust the law at risk.Legal trust is the potential inference of the inherent reliability of law based on limited information.Some information with relatively low cognitive cost and certain correlation with the inherent reliability of law is selected as the key basis to judge the overall reliability of legal structure and process,and is symbolized.Legal trust also eliminates the psychological burden caused by ignorance through its internal emotional characteristics,and controls the unlimited expansion of trust risk through strict‘thresholds’.The symbolic information basis of legal trust includes two aspects:effectiveness information and actual effectiveness information.Effectiveness information is mainly moral information because it comes from a wide range of sources and has relatively low cognitive cost.Actual effectiveness information mainly refers to legal sanction,and sanction as negative information has a stronger‘expressive effect’than reward.Legal trust also needs to avoid the symbolic sensitivity of legal trust through institutionalized distrust,so as to achieve a dynamic and stable system trust.