身份权的派生确权与参照保护

派生性妨碍了身份权在立法上被统一确权,诱发身份权保护漏洞填补机制失范。但派生性也提示了一条因循身份权与基础性人格权之间派生关联性的分类确权进路,即依据获益性身份权、利他性身份权与互益性身份权的不同派生条件,分别厘定其对维护有关身份关系所必须的权利内容与保护范围。由此,也澄清了《民法典》第1001条中关于身份权利保护“没有规定”“可以根据其性质”参照人格权保护规定的法教义,明确了司法裁判中关于身份权参照保护启动的必要性及具体参照对象的说理内涵。

Derivativeness hinders the unified identification of relation-based rights in legislation and leads to the anomy of the loophole-filling mechanism of relation-based right protection.However,the derivative nature also suggests a way to categorize and identify relation-based rights by following the derivative correlation between relation-based rights and the underlying personality rights:in accordance with the different derivative conditions of‘beneficial relation-based rights’,‘altruistic relation-based rights’and‘reciprocal relation-based rights’,the scope of protection and content of the rights necessary for the maintenance of the relevant identity relationship are determined.This also clarifies the legal doctrine of article 1001 of the Civil Code that the protection of relation-based rights is‘not provided for’and may be referred to the protection of personality rights‘according to its nature’,and clarifies the doctrinal connotation of judicial decisions on the necessity of initiating relation-based right reference protection and specific reference object,etc.